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32. 1997 Economic Census
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983. National R&D Expenditures as a Percent of Gross Domestic Product, by Country
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Total R&D
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Nondefense R&D 1
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YEAR
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United
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Unified
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United
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United
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Unified
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United
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States
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Japan
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Germany
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France
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Kingdom
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Italy
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Canada
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States
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Japan
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Germany
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France
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Kingdom
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Italy
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Canada
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1981
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2.32
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(NA)
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2.43
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1.97
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2.37
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0.88
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1.25
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(NA)
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2.34
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1.57
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1.84
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0.85
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1.21
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1.21
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1982
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2.49
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2.22
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2.52
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2.06
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(NA)
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0.91
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1.40
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2.21
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2.44
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1.66
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(NA)
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0.89
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1.35
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1.36
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1983
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2.56
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2.35
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2.52
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2.11
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2.19
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0.95
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1.37
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2.34
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2.43
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1.74
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1.69
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0.93
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1.32
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1.33
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1984
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2.62
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2.43
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2.51
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2.21
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(NA)
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1.01
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1.41
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2.41
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2.42
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1.82
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(NA)
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0.97
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1.35
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1.36
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1985
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2.74
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2.58
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2.72
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2.25
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2.23
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1.13
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1.45
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2.56
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2.60
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1.87
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1.76
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1.07
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1.40
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1.41
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1986
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2.72
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2.55
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2.73
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2.23
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2.25
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1.13
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1.49
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2.53
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2.61
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1.84
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1.82
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1.08
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1.43
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1.44
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1987
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2.69
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2.62
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2.88
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2.27
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2.19
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1.19
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1.44
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2.60
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2.75
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1.85
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1.79
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1.15
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1.38
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1.39
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1988
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2.65
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2.66
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2.86
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2.28
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2.14
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1.22
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1.39
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2.63
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2.74
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1.85
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1.80
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1.15
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1.34
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1.34
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1989
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2.61
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2.77
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2.87
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2.33
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2.15
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1.24
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1.39
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2.75
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2.75
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1.92
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1.81
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1.18
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1.34
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1.34
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1990
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2.65
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2.85
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2.75
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2.41
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2.18
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1.30
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1.47
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2.83
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2.62
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1.95
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1.84
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1.26
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1.41
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1.43
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1991
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2.72
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2.82
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2.61
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2.41
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2.11
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1.24
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1.53
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2.79
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2.51
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1.98
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1.79
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1.19
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1.48
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1.49
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1992
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2.65
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2.76
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2.48
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2.42
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2.13
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1.20
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1.54
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2.73
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2.39
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2.04
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1.84
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1.15
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(NA)
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(NA)
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1993
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2.52
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2.68
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2.42
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2.45
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2.15
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1.14
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1.60
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2.65
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2.34
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2.10
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1.86
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1.09
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1.56
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1.59
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1994
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2.43
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2.63
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2.32
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2.38
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2.11
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1.06
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1.60
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2.60
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2.25
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2.05
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1.84
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1.01
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(NA)
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(NA)
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1995
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2.52
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2.77
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2.31
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2.34
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2.02
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1.01
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1.58
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2.73
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2.23
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2.04
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1.78
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0.98
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1.55
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1.62
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1996
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2.57
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2.83
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2.30
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2.32
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1.95
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1.02
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1.60
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2.80
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2.21
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2.03
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1.72
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1.01
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(NA)
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1.63
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1997
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2.60
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2.92
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2.31
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2.23
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1.87
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1.08
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1.60
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(NA)
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2.23
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(NA)
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1.65
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1.07
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1.57
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1.59
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1998
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2.67
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(NA)
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2.33
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(NA)
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(NA)
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1.11
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1.60
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(NA)
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(NA)
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(NA)
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(NA)
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(NA)
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1.57
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(NA)
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NA Not available.
1 Estimated.
Source: National Science Foundation, National Patterns of R&D Resources, annual; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment.
http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/stats.htm
https://allcountries.org/uscensus/983_national_r_d_expenditures_as_a.html
These tables are based on figures supplied by the United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject to revision by the Census Bureau.
Copyright © 2019 Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates, all rights reserved.
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