Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio: 53.7
[see also: Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio country ranks ]
youth dependency ratio: 24.8
[see also: Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio country ranks ]
elderly dependency ratio: 28.9
[see also: Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio country ranks ]
potential support ratio: 3.5 (2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - potential support ratio country ranks ]

Median age:
total: 42.7 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 39.4 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 46.1 years (2017 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 23

Population growth rate:
-0.57% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 225
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]

Birth rate:
10.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 193
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]

Death rate:
12.6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]

Net migration rate:
-3.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 175
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]

Population distribution:
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

Urbanization:
urban population: 67.4% of total population (2017)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: -0.37% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]

Major urban areas - population:
TALLINN (capital) 391,000 (2015)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.81 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 0.88 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - total population country ranks ]

Mother's mean age at first birth:
26.6 years (2014 est.)

Maternal mortality ratio:
9 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
[see also: Maternal mortality ratio country ranks ]

Infant mortality rate:
total: 3.8 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 3.7 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 196

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 76.9 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total population country ranks ]
male: 72.1 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 81.9 years (2017 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 83
[See also: Healthy Life Expectancy ]
[See also: Health Performance ]

Total fertility rate:
1.6 children born/woman (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]

Health expenditures:
6.4% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 94
[see also: Health expenditures country ranks ]

Physicians density:
3.32 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
[see also: Physicians density country ranks ]

Hospital bed density:
5 beds/1,000 population (2015)
[see also: Hospital bed density country ranks ]

Drinking water source:
improved: urban: 100% of population rural: 99% of population total: 99.6% of population
unimproved: urban: 0% of population rural: 1% of population total: 0.4% of population (2015 est.)

Sanitation facility access:
improved: urban: 97.5% of population rural: 96.6% of population total: 97.2% of population
unimproved: urban: 2.5% of population rural: 3.4% of population total: 2.8% of population (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
NA
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
NA
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
NA
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: intermediate
vectorborne disease: tickborne encephalitis (2016)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
21.2% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 92
[see also: Obesity - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

Education expenditures:
4.8% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 52

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.8%
[see also: Literacy - total population country ranks ]
male: 99.8%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 99.8% (2015 est.)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 16 years
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total country ranks ]
male: 16 years
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male country ranks ]
female: 17 years (2015)
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female country ranks ]

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 13.1%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - total country ranks ]
male: 13.8%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - male country ranks ]
female: 12.2% (2015 est.)
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 99