Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio: 43.3
[see also: Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio country ranks ]
youth dependency ratio: 23.3
[see also: Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio country ranks ]
elderly dependency ratio: 19.9
[see also: Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio country ranks ]
potential support ratio: 5 (2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - potential support ratio country ranks ]

Median age:
total: 41.5 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 40.1 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 42.6 years (2017 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 37

Population growth rate:
-0.29% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 217
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]

Birth rate:
10.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 184
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]

Death rate:
8.7 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 74
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]

Net migration rate:
-4.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]

Population distribution:
large population clusters found throughout the country, the more significant ones being in the larger towns and cities, particularly the capital of Havana

Urbanization:
urban population: 77.3% of total population (2017)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: 0% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]

Major urban areas - population:
HAVANA (capital) 2.137 million (2015)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.81 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2017 est.)
[see also: Sex ratio - total population country ranks ]

Maternal mortality ratio:
39 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
[see also: Maternal mortality ratio country ranks ]

Infant mortality rate:
total: 4.4 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 181

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 78.8 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total population country ranks ]
male: 76.5 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 81.3 years (2017 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 57
[See also: Healthy Life Expectancy ]
[See also: Health Performance ]

Total fertility rate:
1.71 children born/woman (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 171
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]

Contraceptive prevalence rate:
73.7% (2014)
[see also: Contraceptive prevalence rate country ranks ]

Health expenditures:
11.1% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 12
[see also: Health expenditures country ranks ]

Physicians density:
7.52 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
[see also: Physicians density country ranks ]

Hospital bed density:
5.2 beds/1,000 population (2014)
[see also: Hospital bed density country ranks ]

Drinking water source:
improved: urban: 96.4% of population rural: 89.8% of population total: 94.9% of population
unimproved: urban: 3.6% of population rural: 10.2% of population total: 5.1% of population (2015 est.)

Sanitation facility access:
improved: urban: 94.4% of population rural: 89.1% of population total: 93.2% of population
unimproved: urban: 5.6% of population rural: 10.9% of population total: 6.8% of population (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.4% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
25,000 (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
<200 (2016 est.)
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: intermediate
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever
note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus (2016)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
24.6% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 56
[see also: Obesity - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

Education expenditures:
12.8% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 2

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.8%
[see also: Literacy - total population country ranks ]
male: 99.9%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 99.8% (2015 est.)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 14 years
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - total country ranks ]
male: 13 years
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - male country ranks ]
female: 14 years (2015)
[see also: School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) - female country ranks ]

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 6.1%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - total country ranks ]
male: 6.4%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - male country ranks ]
female: 5.6% (2010 est.)
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 145

People - note:
illicit emigration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US including direct flights to Miami and overland via the southwest border; the number of Cubans migrating to the US surged after the announcement of normalization of US-Cuban relations in late December 2014 but has decreased since the end of the so-called “wet-foot, dry-foot” policy on 12 January 2017