Economy - overview:
Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. As of 2015, around 90% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. Tourism, which accounts for roughly 20% of Montenegro’s GDP, brings in three times as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various stages of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. In addition to tourism, energy and agriculture are considered two distinct pillars of the economy. Only 20% of Montenegro’s hydropower potential is utilized. Montenegro plans to become a net energy exporter, and the construction of an underwater cable to Italy, which will be completed by 2018, will help meet its goal.Montenegro uses the euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the euro zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the WTO. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EU in 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime.The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro are Russia, Italy, Cyprus, Denmark, Hungary and Serbia. Net foreign direct investment in 2016 reached $755 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe, due to a low corporate tax rate.Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road and rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country’s highway system. Montenegro has recently explored further economic cooperation with China. Cheaper borrowing costs have stimulated Montenegro’s growing debt, which currently sits at 71.3% of GDP. Montenegro first instituted a value-added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. The Montenegrin Government recently said it would increase the non-tourism rate to 21% as of January 2018, with the goal of reducing its public debt.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): Gross national saving: GDP - composition, by end use: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation: Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget: Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Imports: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$10.86 billion (2017 est.)
$10.55 billion (2016 est.)
$10.3 billion (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 159
$4.405 billion (2016 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
3% (2017 est.)
2.5% (2016 est.)
3.4% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$17,400 (2017 est.)
$16,900 (2016 est.)
$16,600 (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 100
7.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
6.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
6.7% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]
household consumption: 81.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 21.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: -0.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 42.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -64.5% (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]
agriculture: 8.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 21.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 70.5% (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]
tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep
steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
4.5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
263,200 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 168
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture: 5.3%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 17.9%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 76.8% (2014 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]
17.1% (2016 est.)
17.6% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 177
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
8.6% (2013 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
26.2 (2013 est.)
24.3 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 142
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues: $1.62 billion
[see also: Budget - revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $1.95 billion (2016 est.)
[see also: Budget - expenditures country ranks ]
36.8% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
-7.5% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 194
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
71.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
69.3% of GDP (2015 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
country comparison to the world: 48
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
2.1% (2017 est.)
-0.3% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
9.22% (31 December 2014 est.)
9.36% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$749 million (31 December 2011 est.)
$783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 161
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$1.982 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
$2.01 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$2.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$2.682 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$7.532 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$3.827 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$3.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
-$889 million (2017 est.)
-$791 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$370.2 million (2014 est.)
$489.2 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
$1.982 billion (2014 est.)
$2.4 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
$599.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$1.576 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$1.433 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 157
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$483 million (31 December 2014 est.)
$446.5 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 124
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$133 million (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
euros (EUR) per US dollar -
0.906 (2017 est.)
0.9214 (2016 est.)
0.9214 (2015 est.)
0.885 (2014 est.)
0.7634 (2013 est.)