Economy - overview:
Mexico's $2.4 trillion economy – 11th largest in the world - has become increasingly oriented toward manufacturing since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force in 1994. Per capita income is roughly one-third that of the US; income distribution remains highly unequal.Mexico has become the US' second-largest export market and third-largest source of imports. In 2016, two-way trade in goods and services exceeded $579 billion. Mexico has free trade agreements with 46 countries, putting more than 90% of its trade under free trade agreements. In 2012, Mexico formed the Pacific Alliance with Peru, Colombia, and Chile.Mexico's current government, led by President Enrique PENA NIETO, has emphasized economic reforms, passing and implementing sweeping energy, financial, fiscal, and telecommunications reform legislation, among others, with the long-term aim to improve competitiveness and economic growth across the Mexican economy. Since 2015, Mexico has held public auctions of oil and gas exploration and development rights and for long-term electric power generation contracts. Mexico has also issued permits for private sector import, distribution, and retail sales of refined petroleum products in an effort to attract private investment into the energy sector and boost production.Since 2013, Mexico’s economic growth has averaged 2% annually, falling short of private-sector expectations that President PENA NIETO’s sweeping reforms would bolster economic prospects. Growth is predicted to remain below potential given falling oil production, weak oil prices, structural issues such as low productivity, high inequality, a large informal sector employing over half of the workforce, weak rule of law, and corruption. In 2018, Mexico’s economy will be vulnerable to uncertainty surrounding the future of NAFTA—because the US is its top trading partner and the two countries share integrated supply chains—and to potential shifts in domestic policies following the inauguration of a new a president in December 2018.
GDP (purchasing power parity): GDP (official exchange rate): GDP - real growth rate: GDP - per capita (PPP): Gross national saving: GDP - composition, by end use: GDP - composition, by sector of origin: Agriculture - products: Industries: Industrial production growth rate: Labor force: Labor force - by occupation: Unemployment rate: Population below poverty line: Household income or consumption by percentage share: Distribution of family income - Gini index: Budget: Taxes and other revenues: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): Public debt: Fiscal year: Inflation rate (consumer prices): Central bank discount rate: Commercial bank prime lending rate: Stock of narrow money: Stock of broad money: Stock of domestic credit: Market value of publicly traded shares: Current account balance: Exports: Exports - commodities: Exports - partners: Imports: Imports - commodities: Imports - partners: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: Debt - external: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: Exchange rates:
$2.406 trillion (2017 est.)
$2.356 trillion (2016 est.)
$2.303 trillion (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 12
$1.142 trillion (2016 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]
2.1% (2017 est.)
2.3% (2016 est.)
2.7% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 150
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]
$19,500 (2017 est.)
$19,300 (2016 est.)
$19,000 (2015 est.)
note: data are in 2017 dollars
country comparison to the world: 89
21.2% of GDP (2017 est.)
21.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
20.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]
household consumption: 68%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 12.5%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 22.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: -1.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 37.4%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -38.7% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]
agriculture: 3.9%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 31.6%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 64% (2017 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]
corn, wheat, soybeans, rice, beans, cotton, coffee, fruit, tomatoes; beef, poultry, dairy products; wood products
food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism
0% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]
54.51 million (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]
agriculture: 13.4%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 24.1%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 61.9% (2011)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]
3.6% (2017 est.)
3.9% (2016 est.)
note: underemployment may be as high as 25%
country comparison to the world: 40
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]
46.2%
note: from a food-based definition of poverty; asset-based poverty amounted to more than 47% (2014 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]
lowest 10%: 2%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 40% (2014)
48.2 (2014)
48.3 (2008)
country comparison to the world: 24
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]
revenues: $292.8 billion
[see also: Budget - revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $314.9 billion (2017 est.)
[see also: Budget - expenditures country ranks ]
25.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]
-1.9% of GDP (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]
51.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
50.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]
calendar year
5.9% (2017 est.)
2.8% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]
6.25% (28 February 2017)
5.25% (28 February 2016)
country comparison to the world: 66
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]
7.3% (31 December 2017 est.)
4.72% (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 115
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]
$235.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$186.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]
$772.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$603 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]
$510.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$393.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]
$402.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
$480.2 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$526 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]
-$19.81 billion (2017 est.)
-$22.97 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 190
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]
$406.5 billion (2017 est.)
$374.3 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 13
[see also: Exports country ranks ]
manufactured goods, electronics, vehicles and auto parts, oil and oil products, silver, plastics, fruits, vegetables, coffee, cotton; Mexico is the world's leading producer of silver
US 81% (2016)
$417.3 billion (2017 est.)
$387.4 billion (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
[see also: Imports country ranks ]
metalworking machines, steel mill products, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment, automobile parts for assembly and repair, aircraft, aircraft parts, plastics, natural gas and oil products
US 46.6%, China 18%, Japan 4.6% (2016)
$189.2 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$178.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
note: Mexico also maintains access to an $88 million Flexible Credit Line with the IMF
country comparison to the world: 14
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]
$480.5 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$450.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]
$499.4 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$473.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 17
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]
$160.1 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
$148.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]
Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar -
18.26 (2017 est.)
18.664 (2016 est.)
18.664 (2015 est.)
15.848 (2014 est.)
13.292 (2013 est.)