Nationality:
noun: Venezuelan(s)
adjective: Venezuelan

Ethnic groups:
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people

Languages:
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects

Religions:
nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%

Demographic profile:
Social investment in Venezuela during the CHAVEZ administration reduced poverty from nearly 50 % in 1999 to about 27 % in 2011, increased school enrollment, substantially decreased infant and child mortality, and improved access to potable water and sanitation through social investment. "Missions" dedicated to education, nutrition, healthcare, and sanitation were funded through petroleum revenues. The sustainability of this progress remains questionable, however, as the continuation of these social programs depends on the prosperity of Venezuela's oil industry. In the long-term, education and health care spending may increase economic growth and reduce income inequality, but rising costs and the staffing of new health care jobs with foreigners are slowing development. While CHAVEZ was in power, more than one million predominantly middle- and upper-class Venezuelans are estimated to have emigrated. The brain drain is attributed to a repressive political system, lack of economic opportunities, steep inflation, a high crime rate, and corruption. Thousands of oil engineers emigrated to Canada, Colombia, and the United States following CHAVEZ's firing of over 20,000 employees of the state-owned petroleum company during a 2002-2003 oil strike. Additionally, thousands of Venezuelans of European descent have taken up residence in their ancestral homelands. Nevertheless, Venezuela continues to attract immigrants from South America and southern Europe because of its lenient migration policy and the availability of education and health care. Venezuela also has been a fairly accommodating host to more than 200,000 Colombian refugees.

Population:
29,275,460 (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
[see also: Population country ranks ]

Age structure:
0-14 years: 27.76% (male 4,143,988/female 3,983,457)
[see also: Age structure 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 18.71% (male 2,754,818/female 2,724,039)
[see also: Age structure 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 39.7% (male 5,711,044/female 5,911,607)
[see also: Age structure 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 7.68% (male 1,067,661/female 1,180,276)
[see also: Age structure 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 6.14% (male 791,095/female 1,007,475) (2015 est.)
[see also: Age structure 65 years and over country ranks ]
population pyramid:
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.

For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.

Dependency ratios:
total dependency ratio: 52.4%
[see also: Dependency ratios - total dependency ratio country ranks ]
youth dependency ratio: 42.8%
[see also: Dependency ratios - youth dependency ratio country ranks ]
elderly dependency ratio: 9.5%
[see also: Dependency ratios - elderly dependency ratio country ranks ]
potential support ratio: 10.5% (2015 est.)
[see also: Dependency ratios - potential support ratio country ranks ]

Median age:
total: 27.2 years
[see also: Median age - total country ranks ]
male: 26.4 years
[see also: Median age - male country ranks ]
female: 27.9 years (2015 est.)
[see also: Median age - female country ranks ]

Population growth rate:
1.39% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
[see also: Population growth rate country ranks ]

Birth rate:
19.16 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
[see also: Birth rate country ranks ]

Death rate:
5.31 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
[see also: Death rate country ranks ]

Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
[see also: Net migration rate country ranks ]

Urbanization:
urban population: 89% of total population (2015)
[see also: Urbanization - urban population country ranks ]
rate of urbanization: 1.54% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
[see also: Urbanization - rate of urbanization country ranks ]

Major urban areas - population:
CARACAS (capital) 2.916 million; Maracaibo 2.196 million; Valencia 1.734 million; Maracay 1.166 million; Barquisimeto 1.039 million (2015)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - at birth country ranks ]
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 0-14 years country ranks ]
15-24 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 15-24 years country ranks ]
25-54 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 25-54 years country ranks ]
55-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 55-64 years country ranks ]
65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female
[see also: Sex ratio - 65 years and over country ranks ]
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2015 est.)

Maternal mortality rate:
95 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
[see also: Maternal mortality rate country ranks ]

Infant mortality rate:
total: 18.91 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - total country ranks ]
male: 22.29 deaths/1,000 live births
[see also: Infant mortality rate - male country ranks ]
female: 15.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
[see also: Infant mortality rate - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 92

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 74.54 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - total country ranks ]
male: 71.4 years
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - male country ranks ]
female: 77.83 years (2015 est.)
[see also: Life expectancy at birth - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 116

Total fertility rate:
2.32 children born/woman (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
[see also: Total fertility rate country ranks ]

Health expenditures:
3.6% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 151
[see also: Health expenditures country ranks ]

Hospital bed density:
0.9 beds/1,000 population (2011)
[see also: Hospital bed density country ranks ]

Drinking water source:
improved: urban: 95% of population rural: 77.9% of population total: 93.1% of population
[see also: Drinking water source - Improved - total country ranks ]
unimproved: urban: 5% of population rural: 22.1% of population total: 6.9% of population (2015 est.)

Sanitation facility access:
improved: urban: 97.5% of population rural: 69.9% of population total: 94.4% of population
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total Improved country ranks ]
unimproved: urban: 2.5% of population rural: 30.1% of population total: 5.6% of population (2015 est.)
[see also: Sanitation facility access - Total UnImproved country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.55% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
[see also: HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
106,900 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
[see also: HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS country ranks ]

HIV/AIDS - deaths:
4,400 (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
[see also: HIV/AIDS - deaths country ranks ]

Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis A
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria (2013)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
24.3% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 26
[see also: Obesity - adult prevalence rate country ranks ]

Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
2.9% (2009)
country comparison to the world: 115
[see also: Children under the age of 5 years underweight country ranks ]

Education expenditures:
6.9% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 22
[see also: Education expenditures - percent of GDP country ranks ]

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96.3%
[see also: Literacy - total country ranks ]
male: 96.4%
[see also: Literacy - male country ranks ]
female: 96.2% (2015 est.)
[see also: Literacy - female country ranks ]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 14 years
[see also: School life expectancy - total country ranks ]
male: 13 years
[see also: School life expectancy - male country ranks ]
female: 15 years (2008)
[see also: School life expectancy - female country ranks ]

Child labor - children ages 5-14:
total number: 404,092
[see also: Child labor - children ages 5-14 - total number country ranks ]
percentage: 8% (2000 est.)
[see also: Child labor - children ages 5-14 - percentage country ranks ]

Unemployment, youth ages 15-24
total: 17.1%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - total country ranks ]
male: 14.3%
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - male country ranks ]
female: 22.6% (2012 est.)
[see also: Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 - female country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 70