Economy - overview:
Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, small deposits of copper, gold, and other minerals, and recently discovered oil. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over two-thirds of the work force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. Since 1990 economic reforms ushered in an era of solid economic growth based on continued investment in infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, lower inflation, better domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. The global economic downturn in 2008 hurt Uganda's exports; however, Uganda's GDP growth has largely recovered due to past reforms and sound management of the downturn. Oil revenues and taxes will become a larger source of government funding as oil comes on line in the next few years, although lower oil prices since 2014 and protracted negotiations and legal disputes between the Ugandan government and oil companies may prove a stumbling block to further exploration and development. Instability in South Sudan is a risk for the Ugandan economy because Uganda is a key destination for Sudanese refugees and South Sudan is Uganda's main export partner. Unreliable power, high energy costs, inadequate transportation infrastructure, and corruption inhibit economic development and investor confidence. During 2014 to 2015 the Uganda shilling depreciated against the dollar, and this, coupled with increased public debt, has severely impeded production, especially since Uganda imports most of its capital goods.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$79.75 billion (2015 est.) $75.81 billion (2014 est.) $72.36 billion (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 90
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$24.94 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
5.2% (2015 est.) 4.8% (2014 est.) 3.9% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 36
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$2,100 (2015 est.) $2,000 (2014 est.) $1,900 (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 201
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

Gross national saving:
22.8% of GDP (2015 est.) 20.6% of GDP (2014 est.) 22% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 72.6%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 8.9%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 29.7%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: 0.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 22.5%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -33.9% (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 26.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 22.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 51.4% (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (manioc, tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry

Industries:
sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles; cement, steel production

Industrial production growth rate:
5.5% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
18.58 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 33
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 82%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 5%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 13% (1999 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
NA%
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
19.7% (2013 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.4%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 36.1% (2009 est.)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
39.5 (2013) 45.7 (2002)
country comparison to the world: 66
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: $3.29 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $4.34 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: Budget expenditures country ranks ]

Taxes and other revenues:
13.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-4.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 152
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
34.8% of GDP (2015 est.) 30.7% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
4.9% (2015 est.) 4.3% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 173
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Central bank discount rate:
14% (December 2014) 14.5% (31 December 2013)
country comparison to the world: 11
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
22.2% (31 December 2015 est.) 21.53% (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$1.839 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $2.396 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$4.262 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $3.705 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$3.327 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $4.157 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$7.294 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $7.727 billion (31 December 2011) $1.788 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
-$2.625 billion (2015 est.) -$2.666 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$2.755 billion (2015 est.) $2.743 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - commodities:
coffee, fish and fish products, tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products; gold

Exports - partners:
Rwanda 10.1%, UAE 9.8%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 9.3%, Kenya 9.1%, Netherlands 6%, Germany 5.7%, Italy 5.5%, China 5.3% (2014)

Imports:
$4.603 billion (2015 est.) $5.116 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 126
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
capital equipment, vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals

Imports - partners:
Kenya 18.3%, UAE 14.3%, India 12.8%, China 11.3%, Japan 4.4% (2014)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$3.681 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $3.316 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
note: excludes gold
country comparison to the world: 102
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$4.97 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $4.361 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$NA
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$NA
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar - 3,339.6 (2015 est.) 2,599.8 (2014 est.) 2,599.8 (2013 est.) 2,505.6 (2012 est.) 2,522.8 (2011 est.)