Economy - overview:
Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. From the beginning of the privatization process in 1999 through to 2015, around 85% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. The government recognizes the need to remove impediments in order to remain competitive and open the economy to foreign investors. The biggest foreign investors in Montenegro are Italy, Norway, Austria, Russia, Hungary and Great Britain. Net foreign direct investment in 2014 reached $483 million and investment per capita is one of the highest in Europe. Montenegro uses the Euro as its domestic currency, though it is not an official member of the Euro-zone. In January 2007, Montenegro joined the World Bank and IMF, and in December 2011, the World Trade Organization. Montenegro began negotiations to join the EC in June, 2012, having met the conditions set down by the European Council, which called on Montenegro to take steps to fight corruption and organized crime. Tourism brings in twice as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various states of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. Montenegro is currently planning major overhauls of its road, rail networks, and possible expansions of its air transportation system. In 2014, the Government of Montenegro selected two Chinese companies to construct a 41 km-long section of the country’s highway system. Construction will cost around $1.1 billion. Montenegro first instituted value added tax (VAT) in April 2003, and introduced differentiated VAT rates of 17% and 7% (for tourism) in January 2006. In May 2013, the Montenegrin Government raised the higher level VAT rate to 19%.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$9.829 billion (2015 est.) $9.52 billion (2014 est.) $9.38 billion (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 159
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$3.985 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
3.2% (2015 est.) 1.5% (2014 est.) 3.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$15,700 (2015 est.) $15,300 (2014 est.) $15,000 (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 102
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

Gross national saving:
9.3% of GDP (2015 est.) 3.6% of GDP (2014 est.) 4.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 152
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 81.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 21.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 19.5%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: -0.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 42.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -64.5% (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 8.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 21.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 70.5% (2013 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep

Industries:
steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism

Industrial production growth rate:
4.5% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
263,200 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 166
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 5.3%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 17.9%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 76.8% (2014 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
18.5% (2014 est.) 19.1% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 164
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
8.6% (2013 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
26.2 (2013 est.) 24.3 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 136
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: $1.56 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $1.63 billion (2014 est.)
[see also: Budget expenditures country ranks ]

Taxes and other revenues:
39.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 44
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-1.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 65
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
59.5% of GDP (31 December 2014 est.) 57.9% of GDP (2013 est.)
note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
country comparison to the world: 63
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.7% (2015 est.) -0.7% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
9.22% (31 December 2014 est.) 9.36% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$749 million (31 December 2011 est.) $783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$1.982 billion (31 December 2011 est.) $2.01 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 156
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$2.63 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $2.682 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$7.532 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $3.827 billion (31 December 2012) $3.322 billion (31 December 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
-$676 million (2015 est.) -$699 million (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$370.2 million (2014 est.) $489.2 million (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 180
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - partners:
Croatia 22.7%, Serbia 22.7%, Slovenia 7.8% (2012 est.)

Imports:
$1.982 billion (2014 est.) $2.4 billion (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 162
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - partners:
Serbia 29.3%, Greece 8.7%, China 7.1% (2012 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$599.6 million (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 145
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$1.576 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $1.433 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$483 million (31 December 2014 est.) $446.5 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$133 million (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.89 (2015 est.) 0.75 (2014 est.) 0.76 (2013 est.) 0.78 (2012 est.) 0.72 (2011 est.)