Economy - overview:
Kazakhstan, geographically the largest of the former Soviet republics, excluding Russia, possesses substantial fossil fuel reserves and other minerals and metals, such as uranium, copper, and zinc. It also has a large agricultural sector featuring livestock and grain. The government realizes that its economy suffers from an overreliance on oil and extractive industries so it has embarked on an ambitious diversification program, aimed at developing targeted sectors like transport, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, petrochemicals and food processing.Kazakhstan is landlocked, with restricted access to the high seas, and it depends on Russia to export its oil to Europe. In 2010 Kazakhstan joined Russia and Belarus to establish a Customs Union in an effort to boost foreign investment and improve trade. The Customs Union evolved into a Single Economic Space in 2012 and the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) in January 2015.The economic downturn in its EEU partner, Russia, and the decline in global commodity prices have contributed to the economic slowdown in Kazakhstan, which is experiencing its slowest economic growth since the financial crises of 2008-09. Kazakhstan devalued its currency, the tenge, by 19% in February 2014 and in November 2014, the government announced a stimulus package to cope with the economic challenges. In spring 2015, Kazakhstan embarked on an ambitious reform agenda to modernize its economy and improve its institutions. In the face of further decline in the ruble, oil prices, and the regional economic slowdown, Kazakhstan announced in August 2015 that it would cancel its currency band in favor of a floating exchange rate that sparked further devaluation of the tenge.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$430.5 billion (2015 est.) $424.1 billion (2014 est.) $406.6 billion (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 43
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$195 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
1.5% (2015 est.) 4.3% (2014 est.) 6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 160
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$24,700 (2015 est.) $24,300 (2014 est.) $23,300 (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 75
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

Gross national saving:
27.8% of GDP (2015 est.) 26.6% of GDP (2014 est.) 24.3% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 56.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 13.7%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 24%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: 1.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 30.9%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -25.9% (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 4.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 35.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 59.9% (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
grain (mostly spring wheat and barley), potatoes, vegetables, melons; livestock

Industries:
oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, uranium, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate:
0.8% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
8.965 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 25.8%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 11.9%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 62.3% (2012 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
5% (2015 est.) 5% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
5.3% (2011 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.9%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 23.7% (2011 est.)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
28.9 (2011) 31.5 (2003)
country comparison to the world: 125
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: $34.1 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $38.08 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: Budget expenditures country ranks ]

Taxes and other revenues:
17.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 176
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
17.6% of GDP (2015 est.) 15.5% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 154
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
5.3% (2015 est.) 6.6% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 177
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Central bank discount rate:
5.5% (31 December 2012) 7.5% (31 December 2011)
country comparison to the world: 71
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
10.9% (31 December 2015 est.) 7.24% (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$9.802 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $16.35 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$52.89 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $56.49 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$50.51 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $78.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$23.5 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $43.3 billion (31 December 2011) $60.74 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
-$5.911 billion (2015 est.) $4.643 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 172
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$45.37 billion (2015 est.) $80.28 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - commodities:
oil and oil products, natural gas, ferrous metals, chemicals, machinery, grain, wool, meat, coal

Exports - partners:
China 15.9%, Russia 12.1%, Germany 9.5%, France 8.5%, Italy 5.3%, Greece 5.3%, Romania 5% (2014)

Imports:
$31.64 billion (2015 est.) $43.58 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, metal products, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:
Russia 32.2%, China 29%, Germany 5% (2014)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$29.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $28.92 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$157.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $149.9 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 40
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$142.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $136.6 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$33.46 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $31.46 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
tenge (KZT) per US dollar - 214.1 (2015 est.) 179.19 (2014 est.) 179.19 (2013 est.) 149.11 (2012 est.) 146.62 (2011 est.)