Economy - overview:
Jordan's economy is among the smallest in the Middle East, with insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources underlying the government's heavy reliance on foreign assistance. Other economic challenges for the government include chronic high rates of poverty, unemployment and underemployment, inflation, and chronic budget and current account deficits, and government debt.King ABDALLAH, during the first decade of the 2000s, implemented significant economic reforms, such as opening up foreign trade and privatizing state-owned companies that attracted foreign investment and contributed to average annual economic growth of 8% for 2004 through 2008. The global economic slowdown and regional turmoil contributed to slower growth from 2010 to 2014 - with growth averaging 2.8% per year - and hurt export-oriented sectors, construction, and tourism. Through 2014, Jordan's finances were strained by a series of natural gas pipeline attacks in Egypt, which led Jordan to rely on more expensive diesel imports, primarily from Saudi Arabia, to generate electricity.To diversify its energy mix, Jordan is currently exploring nuclear power generation, exploitation of abundant oil shale reserves and renewable technologies, as well as the import of Israeli offshore gas. In August 2015, Jordan completed a $2.1 billion, three year International Monetary Fund (IMF) Stand-By Arrangement, which the Government had entered to help correct budgetary and balance of payments imbalances. Jordan plans to expand on its fiscal reform measures enacted over the previous few years with a follow-on IMF agreement in 2016 to boost government revenues, reduce the budget deficit, and manage its burgeoning debt, brought on in part by an influx of over 630,000 Syrian refugees since 2011, which put additional pressure on expenditures.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$82.99 billion (2015 est.) $80.69 billion (2014 est.) $78.27 billion (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 87
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$38.21 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
2.9% (2015 est.) 3.1% (2014 est.) 2.8% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$12,400 (2015 est.) $12,100 (2014 est.) $11,700 (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 122
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

Gross national saving:
13% of GDP (2015 est.) 14.4% of GDP (2014 est.) 10.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 78.9%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 23.1%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 28%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: 0.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 36.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -67% (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 3.8%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 29.9%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 66.3% (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
citrus, tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, strawberries, stone fruits; sheep, poultry, dairy

Industries:
tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizers, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing

Industrial production growth rate:
3.6% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
2.02 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 2%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 20%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 78% (2013 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
13% (2015 est.) 11.9% (2014 est.)
note: official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%
country comparison to the world: 141
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
14.2% (2002 est.)
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 3.4%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: 28.7% (2010 est.)
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]

Distribution of family income - Gini index:
39.7 (2007) 36.4 (1997)
country comparison to the world: 64
[see also: Distribution of family income - Gini index country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: $8.707 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $11.01 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: Budget expenditures country ranks ]

Taxes and other revenues:
22.8% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-6% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 181
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
79.2% of GDP (2015 est.) 80.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
note: data cover central government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
country comparison to the world: 33
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
-0.7% (2015 est.) 2.9% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 12
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Central bank discount rate:
0.3% (31 December 2010) 4.75% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 132
[see also: Central bank discount rate country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
8.4% (31 December 2015 est.) 8.84% (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$13.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $13 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$43.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $41.18 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$40.83 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $38.71 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$27 billion (31 December 2012 est.) $27.18 billion (31 December 2011) $30.86 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
-$2.82 billion (2015 est.) -$2.45 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 155
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$7.882 billion (2015 est.) $8.385 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - commodities:
clothing, fertilizers, potash, phosphates, vegetables, pharmaceuticals

Exports - partners:
US 15.8%, Iraq 15.3%, Saudi Arabia 12.4%, India 7.8% (2014)

Imports:
$17.76 billion (2015 est.) $20.18 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
crude oil, refined petroleum products, machinery, transport equipment, iron, cereals

Imports - partners:
Saudi Arabia 19.6%, China 10.5%, US 5.8%, India 5.5%, UAE 4.8% (2014)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$17.22 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $16.04 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$25.02 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $23.85 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$30.02 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $28.73 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$623 million (31 December 2015 est.) $608 million (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar - 0.71 (2015 est.) 0.71 (2014 est.) 0.71 (2013 est.) 0.71 (2012 est.) 0.71 (2011 est.)