Location:
Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia

Geographic coordinates:
11 30 N, 43 00 E

Map references:
Africa

Area:
total: 23,200 sq km
[see also: Area - total country ranks ]
land: 23,180 sq km
[see also: Area - land country ranks ]
water: 20 sq km
[see also: Area - water country ranks ]
country comparison to the world: 151

Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Area comparison map:

Land boundaries:
total: 528 km
border countries (3): Eritrea 125 km, Ethiopia 342 km, Somalia 61 km
[see also: Land boundaries country ranks ]

Coastline:
314 km
[see also: Coastline country ranks ]

Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:
desert; torrid, dry

Terrain:
coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains

Elevation:
mean elevation:
[see also: Mean Elevation country ranks ]
elevation extremes:
lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m
highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m

Natural resources:
potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum

Land use:
agricultural land: 73.4% arable land 0.1%; permanent crops 0%; permanent pasture 73.3%
[see also: Land use - agricultural land country ranks ]
forest: 0.2%
[see also: Land use - forest country ranks ]
other: 26.4% (2011 est.)
[see also: Land use - other country ranks ]

Irrigated land:
10 sq km (2012)
[see also: Irrigated land country ranks ]

Total renewable water resources:
0.3 cu km (2011)
[see also: Total renewable water resources country ranks ]

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 0.02 cu km/yr (84%/0%/16%)
per capita: 24.84 cu m/yr (2000)

Natural hazards:
earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
volcanism: experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (elev. 298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active

Environment - current issues:
inadequate supplies of potable water; limited arable land; desertification; endangered species

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:
strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa and the saltiest lake in the world