Economy - overview:
Low oil prices have generated a budget deficit of at least a $4 billion deficit in 2015, 13 % of GDP. Bahrain has few options for covering this deficit, with meager foreign assets and a constrained borrowing ability, stemming in part from a sovereign debt rating averaging just above “junk” status.Oil comprises 86% of Bahraini budget revenues, despite past efforts to diversify its economy and to build communication and transport facilities for multinational firms with business in the Gulf. As part of its diversification plans, Bahrain implemented a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the US in August 2006, the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state.Other major economic activities are production of aluminum - Bahrain's second biggest export after oil - finance, and construction. Bahrain continues to seek new natural gas supplies as feedstock to support its expanding petrochemical and aluminum industries.In 2011 Bahrain experienced economic setbacks as a result of domestic unrest driven by the majority Shia population, however, the economy recovered in 2012-15, partly as a result of improved tourism. In addition to addressing its current fiscal woes, Bahraini authorities face the long-term challenge of boosting Bahrain’s regional competitiveness—especially regarding industry, finance, and tourism—and reconciling revenue constraints with popular pressure to maintain generous state subsidies and a large public sector.

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$64.9 billion (2015 est.) $62.78 billion (2014 est.) $60.07 billion (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 98
[see also: GDP country ranks ]

GDP (official exchange rate):
$30.91 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP (official exchange rate) country ranks ]

GDP - real growth rate:
3.4% (2015 est.) 4.5% (2014 est.) 5.3% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
[see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ]

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$51,200 (2015 est.) $49,500 (2014 est.) $47,400 (2013 est.)
note: data are in 2015 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 24
[see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ]

Gross national saving:
12.8% of GDP (2015 est.) 19.6% of GDP (2014 est.) 24.7% of GDP (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
[see also: Gross national saving country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption: 44.9%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - household consumption country ranks ]
government consumption: 16.6%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - government consumption country ranks ]
investment in fixed capital: 17.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in fixed capital country ranks ]
investment in inventories: 1.2%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - investment in inventories country ranks ]
exports of goods and services: 52.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - exports of goods and services country ranks ]
imports of goods and services: -32.2% (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by end use - imports of goods and services country ranks ]

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture: 0.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 35.3%
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - industry country ranks ]
services: 64.4% (2015 est.)
[see also: GDP - composition, by sector of origin - services country ranks ]

Agriculture - products:
fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish

Industries:
petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, Islamic and offshore banking, insurance, ship repairing, tourism

Industrial production growth rate:
0.8% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 153
[see also: Industrial production growth rate country ranks ]

Labor force:
759,400
note: excludes unemployed; 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
[see also: Labor force country ranks ]

Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 1%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - agriculture country ranks ]
industry: 32%
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - industry country ranks ]
services: 67% (2004 est.)
[see also: Labor force - by occupation - services country ranks ]

Unemployment rate:
4.1% (2014 est.) 4.3% (2013 est.)
note: official estimate; actual rate is higher
country comparison to the world: 36
[see also: Unemployment rate country ranks ]

Population below poverty line:
NA%
[see also: Population below poverty line country ranks ]

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ]
highest 10%: NA%
[see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ]

Budget:
revenues: $5.149 billion
[see also: Budget revenues country ranks ]
expenditures: $9.257 billion (2015 est.)
[see also: Budget expenditures country ranks ]

Taxes and other revenues:
16.7% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 183
[see also: Taxes and other revenues country ranks ]

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-13.3% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 211
[see also: Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) country ranks ]

Public debt:
66.7% of GDP (2015 est.) 43.8% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
[see also: Public debt country ranks ]

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2% (2015 est.) 2.7% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 110
[see also: Inflation rate (consumer prices) country ranks ]

Commercial bank prime lending rate:
5.9% (31 December 2015 est.) 5.88% (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 134
[see also: Commercial bank prime lending rate country ranks ]

Stock of narrow money:
$8.684 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $8.232 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
[see also: Stock of narrow money country ranks ]

Stock of broad money:
$27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $25.95 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
[see also: Stock of broad money country ranks ]

Stock of domestic credit:
$24.16 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $25.44 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 80
[see also: Stock of domestic credit country ranks ]

Market value of publicly traded shares:
$22.1 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $18.57 billion (31 December 2013) $15.65 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
[see also: Market value of publicly traded shares country ranks ]

Current account balance:
-$1.474 billion (2015 est.) $1.123 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 133
[see also: Current account balance country ranks ]

Exports:
$14.08 billion (2015 est.) $20.75 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
[see also: Exports country ranks ]

Exports - commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles

Exports - partners:
Saudi Arabia 3.3%, US 2.4%, UAE 2.2% (2014)

Imports:
$8.791 billion (2015 est.) $13.32 billion (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
[see also: Imports country ranks ]

Imports - commodities:
crude oil, machinery, chemicals

Imports - partners:
Saudi Arabia 24%, Algeria 11.9%, China 8.2%, US 7%, Japan 5.7%, Australia 4.4% (2014)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$5.051 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $6.049 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 93
[see also: Reserves of foreign exchange and gold country ranks ]

Debt - external:
$18.75 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $17.66 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
[see also: Debt - external country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$19.69 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $18.77 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home country ranks ]

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$10.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $10.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
[see also: Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad country ranks ]

Exchange rates:
Bahraini dinars (BHD) per US dollar - 0.38 (2015 est.) 0.38 (2014 est.) 0.38 (2013 est.) 0.38 (2012 est.) 0.38 (2011 est.)