The following table lists metropolitan areas or urban agglomerations with an estimated population of two million or more inhabitants in 2008, ranked by population, highest to lowest, as well as the area they cover and their population growth rate.

For the purposes of this table, derived from Demographia, each urban agglomeration is an area that is contiguously inhabited by more than 400 persons per square kilometer. Consequently, each uban area may include a number of separate municipalities.

           Most Populus Urban Areas in 2008, Ranked Highest to Lowest

	City/Urban 					Area	Population
Rank	Agglomeration	Country		Population		(km2)	Growth
-------	--------------------------	---------------------	----------------	------------	---------
  1	Tokyo�Yokohama	Japan		34,400,000	7,835	0.15
  2	Jakarta		Indonesia		21,800,000	2,720	2.38
  3	New York City	United States	20,090,000	11,264	0.24
  4	Seou-Incheon	South Korea	20,010,000	1,943	0.43
  5	Manila		Philippines		19,550,000	1,425	2.31
  6	Mumbai (Bombay)	India		19,530,000	777	2
  7	Sao Paulo		Brazil		19,140,000	2,590	0.78
  8	Mexico City	Mexico		18,430,000	2,137	0.6
  9	Delhi		India		18,000,000	1,425	2.4
10	Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto	Japan		17,270,000	2,720	0.04
11	Cairo		Egypt		16,750,000	1,269	1.53
12	Kolkata (Calcutta)	India		15,010,000	984	1.83
13	Los Angeles	United States	14,730,000	5,812	0.79
14	Shanghai		China		14,460,000	2,396	1.54
15	Moscow		Russia		13,260,000	4,533	0.2
16	Beijing (Peking)	China		12,770,000	2,616	1.6
17	Buenos Aires	Argentina		12,390,000	2,590	0.46
18	Guangzhou-Foshan	China		11,810,000	2,590	1.48
19	Shenzhen		China		11,710,000	1,295	2.1
20	Istanbul		Turkey		11,220,000	1,256	1.11
21	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil		11,160,000	1,580	0.79
22	Paris		France		10,430,000	3,043	0.09
23	Karachi		Pakistan		9,380,000		881	2.54
24	Nagoya		Japan		9,250,000		3,302	0.27
25	Chicago		United States	9,030,000		5,952	0.54
26	Lagos		Nigeria		8,860,000		971	2.99
27	London		United Kingdom	8,320,000		1,623	0.07
28	Bangkok		Thailand		8,290,000		1,502	1.19
29	Kinshasa		Dem. Rep. Congo	8,190,000		622	4.38
30	Tehran		Iran		8,000,000		635	1.27
31	Lima		Peru		7,750,000		648	1.08
32	Dongguan		China		7,650,000		1,295	1.79
33	Bogota		Colombia		7,440,000		414	1.34
34	Chennai (Madras)	India		7,320,000		414	1.88
35	Dhaka		Bangladesh	7,310,000		311	2.86
36	Esse (Ruhr)-Dusseldorf Germany		7,250,000		2,642	0
37	Tianji (Tientsin)	China		7,200,000		1,295	1.28
38	Hong Kong 	China		6,950,000		220	0.89
39	Taipei		Taiwan		6,820,000		440	1.2
40	Lahore		Pakistan		6,810,000		583	2.63
41	Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) Vietnam	6,710,000		609	2.4
42	Bangalore		India		6,660,000		648	2.25
43	Hyderabad		India		6,610,000		790	2.07
44	Johannesburg-East Rand South_Africa	6,470,000		2,396	1.08
45	Baghdad		Iraq		6,000,000		596	1.77
46	Toronto-Hamilton	Canada		5,790,000		2,279	1.03
47	Santiago		Chile		5,630,000		790	0.72
48	Kuala Lumpur	Malaysia		5,470,000		2,137	2.35
49	San Francisco-San Jose United States	5,450,000		2,497	0.31
50	Philadelphia	United States	5,270,000		4,661	0.3
51	Wuhan		China		5,240,000		712	1.36
52	Miami		United States	5,220,000		2,891	0.76
53	Dallas-Fort_Worth	United States	5,160,000		3,959	1.89
54	Madrid		Spain		5,130,000		945	0.65
55	Ahmedabad	India		5,060,000		202	2.26
56	Boston		United States	4,750,000		5,501	0.23
57	Belo_Horizonte	Brazil		4,640,000		1,010	1.21
58	Khartoum		Sudan		4,600,000		583	2.83
59	Saint Petersburg (Leningrad) Russia	4,570,000		1,191	-0.13
60	Shenyang		China		4,560,000		777	1.17
61	Houston		United States	4,550,000		3,463	1.9
62	Pune		India		4,470,000		220	2.51
63	Riyadh		Saudi Arabia	4,460,000		1,321	2.04
64	Singapore		Singapore		4,320,000		479	0.96
65	Washington, D.C.	United States	4,260,000		2,996	1
66	Yangon (Rangoon)	Myanmar		4,220,000		350	2.02
67	Milan		Italy		4,190,000		2,370	-0.02
68	Atlanta		United States	4,160,000		5,083	2.19
69	Alexandria		Egypt		4,150,000		293	1.82
69	Chongqing (Chungking) China		4,150,000		570	1.27
69	Nanjing_(Nanking)	China		4,150,000		686	1.27
72	Guadalajara	Mexico		4,090,000		712	1.19
73	Barcelona		Spain		4,040,000		803	0.51
74	Chengdu (Chengtu)	China		3,860,000		570	1.22
74	Detroit		United States	3,860,000		3,267	-0.13
76	Ankara		Turkey		3,810,000		583	1.48
77	Abidjan		Cote d'Ivoire	3,790,000		298	2.79
78	Athens		Greece		3,730,000		684	0.18
79	Berlin		Germany		3,690,000		984	0.06
80	Sydney		Australia		3,680,000		1,788	0.6
81	Monterrey		Mexico		3,650,000		712	1.21
82	Phoenix-Mesa	United States	3,540,000		2,069	2.51
83	Busan		South Korea	3,510,000		259	-0.33
84	Recife		Brazil		3,490,000		414	1.2
85	Bandung		Indonesia		3,470,000		401	1.84
86	Porto Alegre	Brazil		3,440,000		777	1.12
87	Melbourne		Australia		3,420,000		2,152	0.7
88	Hangzhou (Hangchow) China		3,410,000		712	1.61
88	Luanda		Angola		3,410,000		363	4.35
90	Algiers		Algeria		3,390,000		453	1.98
91	Hanoi		Vietnam		3,370,000		194	2.38
92	Montreal		Canada		3,360,000		1,676	0.68
93	Xi'an (Sian)	China		3,340,000		531	1.37
94	Pyongyang	North Korea	3,330,000		207	0.61
94	Qingdao (Tsingtao)	China		3,330,000		440	1.32
96	Surat		India		3,210,000		109	1.91
97	Fortaleza		Brazil		3,160,000		725	1.21
98	Medellin		Colombia		3,080,000		189	1.4
99	Durban (eThekwini)	South Africa	3,070,000		829	1.17
100	Kanpur		India		3,030,000		142	1.7
101	Addis Ababa	Ethiopia		3,020,000		228	3.83
101	Jeddah		Saudi Arabia	3,020,000		842	1.93
101	Nairobi		Kenya		3,020,000		479	3.8
104	Naples		Italy		3,010,000		777	0.04
105	Kabul		Afghanistan	3,000,000		259	4.47
106	Harbin		China		2,980,000		570	1
106	Salvador		Brazil		2,980,000		389	0.95
108	Kano		Nigeria		2,950,000		199	2.61
109	Casablanca	Morocco		2,930,000		220	1.16
110	Cape Town	South Africa	2,900,000		686	1.02
110	Curitiba		Brazil		2,900,000		842	1.74
112	Surabaya		Indonesia		2,850,000		376	1.84
113	San Diego		United States	2,790,000		2,026	0.52
113	Seattle		United States	2,790,000		2,470	0.35
115	Rome		Italy		2,740,000		855	-0.07
116	Dar es Salaam	Tanzania		2,700,000		324	3.84
116	Taichung		Taiwan		2,700,000		492	1.93
118	Jaipur		India		2,690,000		168	2.26
119	Caracas		Venezuela		2,670,000		272	0.94
120	Dakar		Senegal		2,650,000		181	2.98
121	Kaohsiung		Taiwan		2,630,000		363	1.3
122	Minneapolis-Saint Paul United States	2,570,000		2,316	0.91
123	Lucknow		India		2,560,000		130	1.73
124	Amman		Jordan		2,530,000		344	1.21
124	Guayaquil		Ecuador		2,530,000		220	1.9
124	Tel Aviv		Israel		2,530,000		453	1.22
127	Kiev		Ukraine		2,520,000		544	0.18
128	Faisalabad		Pakistan		2,510,000		168	2.81
129	Mashhad		Iran		2,490,000		207	1.91
130	Izmir		Turkey		2,480,000		272	1.51
131	Katowice-Gliwice-Tychy Poland		2,450,000		725	-0.01
131	Rawalpindi-Islamabad	Pakistan		2,450,000		233	2.85
131	Tashkent		Uzbekistan	2,450,000		531	1.22
134	Changchun	China		2,440,000		376	1.87
135	Campinas		Brazil		2,400,000		958	1.39
136	Changsha		China		2,390,000		389	2.27
136	Daegu		South Korea	2,390,000		181	-0.03
136	Nagpur		India		2,390,000		114	1.7
139	San Juan		Puerto Rico	2,380,000		2,309	0.91
140	Aleppo		Syria		2,360,000		210	2.37
141	Lisbon		Portugal		2,340,000		881	0.58
142	Frankfurt		Germany		2,320,000		673	0.39
143	Birmingham	United Kingdom	2,310,000		600	0.17
143	Nanchang		China		2,310,000		155	2.49
143	Tampa-St. Petersburg	United States	2,310,000		2,078	1.44
146	Medan		Indonesia		2,300,000		246	1.79
147	Dalian		China		2,270,000		570	1.57
147	Shijiazhuang	China		2,270,000		363	2.26
147	Tunis		Tunisia		2,270,000		363	1.55
150	Manchester	United Kingdom	2,250,000		558	0.04
150	Port-au-Prince	Haiti		2,250,000		171	2.86
152	Damascus		Syria		2,240,000		207	2.3
153	Fukuoka		Japan		2,230,000		583	0.11
153	Jinan (Tsinan)	China		2,230,000		350	1.35
155	Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic	2,220,000		246	1.78
156	Cali		Colombia		2,190,000		155	1.44
156	Havana		Cuba		2,190,000		285	-0.07
158	Denver		United States	2,180,000		1,292	1.17
159	Colombo		Sri Lanka		2,160,000		223	1.13
159	St. Louis		United States	2,160,000		2,147	0.48
161	Baltimore		United States	2,150,000		1,768	0.45
161	Dubai		United Arab Emirates	2,150,000		829	2.48
163	Sapporo		Japan		2,130,000		648	0.06
164	Rotterdam-The Hague	Netherlands	2,090,000		842	0.26
165	Pretoria (Tshwane)	South Africa	2,060,000		673	1.58
165	Vancouver		Canada		2,060,000		1,178	0.89
167	Patna		India		2,030,000		83	2.51
167	San'a		Yemen		2,030,000		194	4.55
169	Warsaw		Poland		2,020,000		544	0.16
170	Cologne-Bonn	Germany		2,010,000		932	0.39
171	Accra		Ghana		2,000,000		453	2.85
171	Bucharest		Romania		2,000,000		285	0.03

Tokyo-Yokohama Includes large portions of the prefectures of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama; and small portions of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki. Excludes urban areas of Utsunomiya (500,000; 88 km�) and Mito (500,000; 246 km�).

Jakarta (Jabodetabek) in this table includes the areas of Tangerang, Bekasi, Bogor and Karawang and the separate cities of Bekasi, Depok and Bogor.

Demographia defines the urban area of New York as a combinination of New York�Newark, Bridgeport�Stamford, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury and Hightstown urbanized areas. New York and Philadelphia (same with Philadelphia urbanized area) are treated as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Hartford (852,000; 1,216 km�), Allentown�Bethlehem (576,000; 750 km�), Springfield (574,000; 800 km�), Harrisburg (363,000; 540 km�), Poughkeepsie (352,000; 686 km�), Lancaster (324,000; 517 km�), Reading (240,000; 261 km�), Atlantic City (227,000; 313 km�), York (193,000; 307 km�), Waterbury (189,000; 254 km�) and Norwich�New London (173,000; 319 km�) are also excluded.

Seoul-INchon includes satellite cities in Gyeonggi Province such as Suwon, Goyang, Seongnam, Bucheon and Ansan which are treated as separate urban agglomerations by the United Nations.

The population of Manila in this table is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), tend to be limited to Metro Manila, which is a province level jurisdiction. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward into Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal and Quezon provinces. The Demographia population estimate is a �build-up� of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).

The population for the Mumbai urban area includes Kalyan, Bhiwandi and Panvel. A large part of the municipality of Mumbai is rural, composed of the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and thus not included in the urban area.

Sao Paulo excludes urban area of Santos (1,425,000; 207 km�).

Mexico City excludes urban areas of Toluca (1,250,000; 220 km�) and Cuernavaca (675,000; 171km�).

Delhi population includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida and Gurgaon.

Osaka-Kobe_kyoto includes Nara and Himeji. United Nations estimates separate Osaka�Kobe and Kyoto and exclude both Nara and Himeji. Excludes urban area of Otsu (700,000; 389 km�).

Cairo includes the Governorate of Al-Qahirah (Cairo) and the cities of Al-Jizah (Giza) and Shubra al-Khaymah (Shubra El-Kheima) .

Los Angeles is a combination of Los Angeles�Long Beach�Santa Ana, Riverside�San Bernardino and Mission Viejo urbanized areas. Excludes urban areas of Oxnard (338,000; 196 km�), Lancaster�Palmdale (264,000; 234 km�), Indio�Palm Springs (255,000; 255 km�), Temecula�Murrieta (230,000; 248 km�), Thousand Oaks (211,000; 223 km�), Victorville�Hesperia (200,000; 321 km�), Santa Barbara (196,000; 155 km�), Santa Clarita (170,000; 141 km�), Hemet (117,000; 108 km�) and Simi Valley (112,000; 70 km�).

The population estimate for Moscow is suspect, due to the lack of readily available data for local areas outside the city jurisdiction (Moscow Oblast). Demographia is indebted to Richard Forstall, who has provided local authority area population data for portions of Moscow Oblast within the Moscow urban areas. Other estimates (such as the United Nations estimate) include only the municipality of Moscow, which includes only part of the urban footprint.

Buenos Aires excludes urban area of La Plata (675,000; 228 km�) which has been included in the 2007 edition (13,460,000; 2,979 km� in total).

Hong Kong, in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, and Shenzhen are treated as separate urban areas because of the lack of freedom of labor movement without trade, immigration or customs barriers. Guangzhou�Foshan, Shenzhen and Dongguan are also treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Pearl River Delta economic zone. Likewise, urban areas of Jiangmen�Xinhui (600,000; 130 km�) and Taishan (350,000; 21 km�) within the prefecture-level city of Jiangmen, Huizhou�Huiyang (500,000; 93 km�) within the prefecture-level city of Huiyang, Zhuhai (530,000; 117 km�), Zhongshan (410,000; 130 km�) and Zhaoqing (310,000; 41 km�) as well as urban area of Macau (525,000; 23 km�) in the Macau Special Administrative Region are excluded. Population estimates for Shenzhen and Dongguan are based upon press reports, since the national census excludes millions of residents who do not have permanent resident status.

The population of Karachi in this table is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area.

Nagoya population includes Toyohashi.

The Chicago urban area is a combination of Chicago, Kenosha and Round Lake Beach�McHenry�Grayslake urbanized areas. it excludes urban areas of Milwaukee (1,309,000; 1,261 km�), South Bend (276,000; 404 km�), Rockford (270,000; 360 km�), Elkhart (131,000; 201 km�) and Racine (130,000; 119 km).

The population estimate for Lagos in this table is determined from accumulating smaller area population data from the 2006 census. Excludes urban area of Ikorodu (525,000; 130 km�) within Lagos State.

London cosists of the Greater London urban area. It excludes urban areas of Reading (370,000; 93 km�), Southend-on-Sea (269,000; 67 km�), Crawley (180,000; 54 km�), Slough (142,000; 31 km�), Thanet (119,000; 27 km�), High Wycombe (118,000; 33 km�), St Albans (115,000; 32 km�) and Basildon (101,000; 25 km�).

The numbers for Kinshasa exclude the urban area of Brazzaville (1,350,000; 142 km�) in the Republic of the Congo.

Tehran excludes urban area of Karaj (1,380,000; 145 km�).

The population for Dhaka in the table is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is determined from accumulating smaller area population data from national census data within the urban footprint.

Essen�Dusseldorf and Cologne�Bonn are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area. Excludes urban area of Aachen�Vaals (585,000; 401 km�) in both Germany and the Netherlands.

Tianjin population is lower than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which include metropolitan area population not within the continuously developed urban area. The Demographia population estimate is a �build-up� of sub-municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration). Excludes urban area of Tangshan (900,000; 168 km�).

Taipei population is higher than other estimates (such as the United Nations), which do not includes all population within the continuously developed urban area (especially in Taipei County). Excludes urban area of Chungli (1,600,000; 414 km�).

Johannesburg�East Rand and Pretoria are treated as separate urban areas which constitute the Vaal Triangle. Urban area of Vereeninging (Emfuleni) (600,000; 479 km�) is also excluded.

Toronto-Hamilton is a combination of the Toronto, Hamilton and Oshawa urban areas. It excludes the urban areas of Kitchener (423,000; 314 km�), St. Catharines�Niagara Falls (309,000; 383 km�), Barrie (158,000; 172 km�) and Guelph (116,000; 78 km�) which constitute the Golden Horseshoe metropolitan region in Canada as well as urban areas of Buffalo (977,000; 950 km�) and Rochester (694,000; 764 km�) in the United States.

The population of Kuala Lumpur in the table is higher than other agglomeration estimates (such as the United Nations), which does not include all of the continuously developed urban area. Continuous urbanization extends well beyond the municipality of Kuala Lumpur, for example to Port Klang and the area represents a single labor market (metropolitan area). The Demographia population estimate is a �build-up� of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).

San Francisco-San Jose is a combination of San Francisco�Oakland, San Jose and Concord urbanized areas. It excludes the urban areas of Santa Rosa (285,000; 264 km�), San Rafael�Novato (233,000; 256 km�), Antioch (218,000; 156 km�), Vallejo (159,000; 88 km�), Santa Cruz (157,000; 142 km�) and Fairfield (112,000; 67 km�).

Dallas-Forth Worth, is a combination of Dallas�Fort Worth, Arlington and Denton�Lewisville urbanized areas.

Boston is a combination of the Boston, Worcester and Nashua urbanized areas. It excludes urban areas of Providence (1,175,000; 1,304 km�), New Bedford (147,000; 162 km�), Manchester (144,000; 184 km�) and Leominster�Fitchburg (113,000; 162 km�).

Shenyang excludes the urban area of Fushun (625,000; 104 km�).

Houston is a combination of the Houston and The Woodlands urbanized areas.

SIngapore excludes the urban area of Johor Bahru (860,000; 583 km�) in Malaysia.

The US Census Bureau combines Washington and Baltimore into a single metropolitan area (consolidated area) but Demographia considers the two (same with Washington, DC and Baltimore urbanized areas) as separate urban areas. Urban areas of Aberdeen�Havre de Grace (175,000; 264 km�), Hagerstown (120,000; 199 km�) and Frederick (119,000; 204 km�) are also excluded.

Milan excludes Bergamo which has been included in the 2007 edition (4,950,000; 3,043 km� in total).

Chongqing excludes the urban area of Wanzhou (200,000; 16 km�) within the municipality of Chongqing. The direct-controlled municipality of Chongqing, which is sometimes translated as the direct-controlled city of Chongqing, has the largest population of any organism called a city in the stretches far beyond any reasonable definition of a metropolitan area and has a land area similar to that of Austria.

Detroit excludes the urban areas of Toledo (503,000; 524 km�), Flint (365,000; 599 km�), Ann Arbor (284,000; 333 km�) and South Lyon (106,000; 246 km�) in the United States as well as urban area of Windsor (279,000; 176 km�) in Canada .

Sydney excludes the urban areas of Gosford (255,000; 275 km�) and Wollongong (234,000; 184 km�).

Melbourne excludes the urban area of Geelong (137,000; 101 km�).

Algiers includes the Governorate of Grand Algiers.

Harbin excludes the urban areas of Acheng (300,000; 39 km�) and Shangzhi (250,000; 16 km�) within the sub-provincial city of Harbin.

San Diego excludes urban area of Tijuana (1,400,000; 324 km�) in Mexico.

Seattle excludes urban areas of Bremerton (178,000; 304 km�), Olympia�Lacey (144,000; 238 km�) and Marysville (114,000; 190 km�).

Rome excludes the State of Vatican City.

Guayaquil includes the locality of Eloy Alfaro (Duran).

Amman includes Az-Zarqa.

Tampa�St. Petersburg excludes the urban areas of Sarasota�Bradenton (559,000; 700 km�), Lakeland (199,000; 312 km�), Winter Haven (154,000; 270 km�) and Brooksville (102,000; 217 km�).

Burmingham consists of the West Midlands urban area. It excludes the urban areas of Coventry (336,000; 76 km�) and Nuneaton (132,000; 33 km�).

The Greater Manchester urban area excludes the urban areas of Liverpool (816,000; 186 km�), Birkenhead (320,000; 89 km�), Wigan (167,000; 39 km�), Warrington (158,000; 44 km�) and Southport (116,000; 31 km�).

Fukuoka excludes the urban area of Kitakyushu (1,800,000; 1,166 km�). Some sources combine Fukuoka with Kitakyushu (such as the United Nations), which is not a part of the continuous urbanization of Fukuoka. The Demographia population estimate is a �build-up� of municipality population within the continuously developed area (urban area or agglomeration).

The Denver agglomeration includes the Denver�Aurora urbanized area and it excludes the urban areas of Fort Collins (207,000; 216 km�) and Boulder (112,000; 85 km�).

Rotterdam�The Hague excludes the urban areas of Amsterdam (1,100,000; 414 km�), Haarlem (450,000; 142 km�) and Utrecht (400,000; 109 km�) which constitute the Randstad metropolitan region.

The Vancouver urban area excludes the urban area of Abbotsford (139,000; 155 km�).

Country Rankings

NOTE: The table on this page is re-published from data provided by Demographia. No claims are made regarding the accuracy of city populations information contained here. All suggestions for corrections of any errors about the most populous cities should be addressed to Demographia.