Nonfarm Industries--Employees and Earnings statistics

[Annual averages of monthly figures (90,406 represents 90,406,000). Covers all full- and part-time employees who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period including the 12th of the month. For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for construction, to employees engaged in actual construction work; and for other industries, to nonsupervisory employees and working supervisors. See also headnote, Table 682]



			ALL EMPLOYEES			ALL EMPLOYEES				PRODUCTION WORKERS				PRODUCTION WORKERS				PRODUCTION WORKERS			PRODUCTION WORKERS
INDUSTRY	1987		TOTAL (1,000)			TOTAL (1,000)
	SIC ¹									Total							Average hourly				Average hourly
	code									(1,000)							earnings (dollars)				earnings (dollars)

		1980	1990	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	1980	1990	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999		1980	1990	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999

Total	(X)	90,406	109,403	117,191	119,608	122,690	125,826	128,615	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)		(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Private sector ²	(X)	74,166	91,098	97,885	100,189	103,133	106,007	108,455	60,331	73,774	80,125	82,092	84,541	86,762	88,725		6.66	10.01	11.43	11.82	12.28	12.78	13.24
Mining	(B)	1,027	709	581	580	596	590	535	762	509	424	430	450	448	404		9.17	13.68	15.30	15.62	16.15	16.90	17.04
Metal mining	10	98	58	51	54	54	50	49	74	46	41	42	41	38	37		10.26	14.05	16.77	17.35	17.82	18.24	18.24
Coal mining	12	246	147	104	98	96	92	85	204	119	84	80	79	75	70		10.86	16.71	18.45	18.74	19.01	19.15	19.28
Oil and gas extraction	13	560	395	320	322	339	339	293	389	261	218	227	248	252	214		8.59	12.94	14.52	14.87	15.64	16.77	16.86
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels	14	123	110	105	106	108	109	109	96	83	80	81	82	83	82		7.52	11.58	13.39	13.75	14.19	14.70	15.11
Construction	(C)	4,346	5,120	5,160	5,418	5,691	5,985	6,273	3,421	3,974	3,993	4,199	4,415	4,641	4,849		9.94	13.77	15.09	15.47	16.04	16.59	17.13
General building contractors	15	1,173	1,298	1,207	1,257	1,310	1,372	1,434	900	938	856	888	924	963	999		9.22	13.01	14.33	14.68	15.23	15.91	16.49
Heavy construction, except building	16	895	770	752	777	799	838	862	720	643	626	649	667	703	719		9.20	13.34	14.65	15.10	15.58	16.10	16.74
Special trade contractors	17	2,278	3,051	3,201	3,384	3,582	3,774	3,978	1,802	2,393	2,511	2,662	2,824	2,976	3,131		10.63	14.20	15.47	15.83	16.42	16.94	17.43
Manufacturing	(D)	20,285	19,076	18,524	18,495	18,675	18,772	18,432	14,214	12,947	12,826	12,776	12,907	12,930	12,662		7.27	10.83	12.37	12.77	13.17	13.49	13.91
Durable goods	(X)	12,159	11,109	10,683	10,789	11,010	11,170	10,985	8,416	7,363	7,317	7,386	7,553	7,643	7,511		7.75	11.35	12.94	13.33	13.73	13.98	14.40
Lumber and wood products ³	24	704	733	769	778	796	813	826	587	603	632	640	655	668	678		6.57	9.08	10.12	10.44	10.76	11.10	11.46
Logging	241	88	85	83	81	82	79	77	71	70	67	65	66	63	61		8.64	11.22	11.64	11.76	12.16	12.48	13.24
Sawmills and planing mills	242	215	198	187	181	183	183	180	190	172	161	157	159	160	157		6.70	9.22	10.31	10.60	10.87	11.12	11.40
Millwork, plywood, and structural
members	243	206	262	280	287	294	308	325	170	210	224	230	236	247	260		6.44	9.04	10.12	10.50	10.88	11.25	11.59
Wood containers	244	43	45	51	52	55	55	55	37	38	44	45	47	47	47		4.95	6.64	7.68	8.02	8.38	8.85	9.23
Mobile homes	2451	46	41	62	68	71	76	77	36	33	52	57	60	64	64		6.08	8.67	10.26	10.81	11.05	11.50	11.79
Furniture and fixtures ³	25	466	506	510	504	512	530	540	376	400	403	398	407	423	431		5.49	8.52	9.82	10.15	10.55	10.90	11.23
Household furniture	251	301	289	281	276	277	283	286	253	241	234	231	234	239	243		5.12	7.87	9.29	9.60	9.96	10.28	10.67
Office furniture	252	51	68	63	62	65	69	69	40	51	47	46	48	51	50		5.91	9.64	10.53	10.99	11.63	11.79	11.89
Partitions and fixtures	254	63	78	86	85	88	93	95	47	57	63	62	65	69	71		6.68	9.77	10.92	11.08	11.30	11.64	11.84
Stone, clay, and glass products ³	32	629	556	540	544	552	563	569	486	432	418	423	431	440	445		7.50	11.12	12.41	12.82	13.18	13.60	13.90
Flat glass	321	18	17	16	16	17	17	17	14	13	12	13	14	13	14		9.65	15.15	17.94	18.46	18.65	18.60	18.30
Glass and glassware, pressed and
blown	322	124	83	74	72	72	71	70	105	72	62	61	60	59	57		7.97	12.40	14.11	14.44	14.98	15.52	15.75
Products of purchased glass	323	45	60	62	61	63	63	63	32	46	48	48	49	49	48		6.50	9.75	10.92	11.37	11.92	12.12	12.50
Cement, hydraulic	324	31	18	18	17	17	17	18	25	14	13	13	13	13	13		10.55	13.90	16.34	16.88	17.47	18.54	19.17
Structural clay products	325	46	36	34	33	34	33	34	34	28	26	26	27	26	26		6.14	9.55	10.97	11.40	11.49	11.88	12.32
Pottery and related products	326	47	39	42	40	39	38	37	39	31	33	32	31	30	29		6.25	9.62	10.70	10.98	11.47	11.96	12.00
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster	327	204	206	205	212	218	229	238	157	157	156	162	168	177	185		7.45	10.76	11.93	12.29	12.61	13.11	13.52
Primary metal industries ³	33	1,142	756	712	711	711	712	690	878	574	553	553	555	557	538		9.77	12.92	14.62	14.97	15.22	15.49	15.85
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products	331	512	276	242	240	235	232	222	396	212	185	185	181	179	172		11.39	14.82	17.33	17.80	18.03	18.43	18.87
Iron and steel foundries	332	209	132	131	129	130	131	126	167	105	107	105	107	107	103		8.20	11.55	13.42	13.56	13.81	13.98	14.69
Primary nonferrous metals	333	71	46	40	40	39	39	37	53	34	31	30	30	30	29		10.63	14.36	15.83	16.19	16.66	17.04	17.58
Nonferrous rolling and drawing	335	211	172	168	168	169	170	168	151	124	127	127	129	131	127		8.81	12.29	13.66	14.09	14.48	14.62	14.52
Nonferrous foundries (castings)	336	90	84	87	89	92	93	91	72	66	71	73	74	75	74		7.30	10.21	11.48	11.83	12.06	12.36	12.81
Fabricated metal products ³	34	1,609	1,419	1,437	1,449	1,479	1,501	1,489	1,194	1,045	1,080	1,088	1,115	1,131	1,119		7.45	10.83	12.13	12.50	12.78	13.06	13.46
Metal cans and shipping containers	341	75	50	41	39	38	37	36	63	43	35	33	32	31	30		9.84	14.27	15.71	16.03	16.29	16.70	16.73
Cutlery, handtools, and hardware	342	164	131	128	125	126	126	124	125	96	96	94	96	97	95		7.02	10.78	12.16	12.37	12.48	12.34	12.41
Plumbing and heating, exc. electric	343	71	60	57	58	58	58	58	52	43	41	41	42	41	42		6.59	9.75	10.75	11.27	11.71	11.88	12.07
Fabricated structural metal
products	344	506	427	428	439	453	464	468	351	303	312	322	332	339	341		7.27	10.16	11.35	11.71	12.11	12.51	12.94
Screw machine products	345	109	96	100	101	104	107	104	84	73	79	79	82	84	81		6.96	10.70	11.99	12.43	12.89	13.31	13.85
Metal forgings and stampings	346	260	225	252	253	255	257	257	205	178	202	202	203	203	202		8.56	12.70	14.30	14.77	14.92	15.16	15.73
Industrial machinery and equipment ³	35	2,517	2,095	2,067	2,115	2,168	2,203	2,129	1,614	1,260	1,295	1,321	1,364	1,391	1,343		8.00	11.77	13.24	13.59	14.07	14.47	15.01
Engines and turbines	351	135	89	88	84	83	84	84	87	58	56	53	53	53	56		9.73	14.55	15.96	16.35	16.84	17.24	18.06
Farm and garden machinery	352	169	106	101	99	105	104	96	116	78	74	71	76	75	67		8.78	10.99	12.79	13.46	13.84	14.00	13.86
Construction and related machinery	353	389	229	224	233	244	253	243	255	141	146	152	159	165	154		8.60	11.92	12.89	13.12	13.54	13.72	14.16
Metalworking machinery	354	398	330	340	345	350	352	339	290	236	242	245	249	252	242		8.13	12.27	13.99	14.41	14.90	15.33	15.92
Special industry machinery	355	194	159	172	178	179	179	170	125	94	99	100	99	97	91		7.53	11.90	13.64	14.06	14.68	15.09	15.68
General industrial machinery	356	300	247	252	259	264	269	261	196	158	162	165	168	172	166		7.95	11.32	12.95	13.36	13.78	14.06	14.35
Computer and office equipment	357	420	438	352	362	376	379	360	181	137	123	127	140	146	144		6.75	11.51	13.59	13.87	14.31	15.34	16.42
Refrigeration and service
machinery	358	175	177	201	204	202	200	201	120	125	144	147	145	144	143		7.23	10.93	11.98	12.30	12.80	12.99	13.55
Electronic and other elec. equip. ³	36	1,771	1,673	1,625	1,661	1,689	1,704	1,661	(⁴)	1,055	1,045	1,056	1,069	1,068	1,035		(⁴)	10.30	11.69	12.18	12.70	13.09	13.45
Electric distribution equipment	361	117	97	83	82	82	82	82	82	67	58	56	56	55	56		6.96	10.15	11.43	11.97	12.65	13.06	13.06
Electrical industrial apparatus	362	232	169	158	156	154	153	147	163	119	111	110	108	106	101		(⁴)	10.00	11.07	11.54	12.17	12.50	12.93
Household appliances	363	162	124	121	120	115	117	118	128	99	99	96	90	93	97		6.95	10.26	11.49	12.02	12.19	12.46	12.98
Electric lighting and wiring equip	364	211	189	179	179	181	183	177	157	136	129	128	130	131	127		6.43	10.12	11.55	12.29	12.67	12.65	13.01
Household audio and video equip	365	109	85	84	83	80	82	82	79	59	57	56	52	52	53		6.42	9.68	10.90	10.48	11.11	11.93	12.67
Communications equipment	366	(⁴)	264	265	270	277	282	275	(⁴)	133	131	130	132	130	122		(⁴)	11.03	12.04	12.87	13.87	14.01	14.05
Electronic components and
accessories	367	539	582	581	617	650	660	639	325	329	349	369	394	397	378		6.05	10.00	11.49	12.03	12.53	13.25	13.72
Transportation equipment ³	37	1,881	1,989	1,790	1,785	1,845	1,884	1,855	1,220	1,224	1,200	1,210	1,256	1,258	1,230		9.35	14.08	16.74	17.19	17.55	17.53	18.10
Motor vehicles and equipment	371	789	812	971	967	986	990	1,000	575	617	761	764	779	760	762		9.85	14.56	17.34	17.74	18.04	17.86	18.48
Aircraft and parts	372	633	712	451	458	501	524	490	344	345	208	218	251	265	241		9.28	14.79	18.02	18.57	18.88	19.17	19.76
Ship and boat building and
repairing	373	221	188	160	159	158	166	164	176	141	124	122	120	126	121		8.22	10.94	12.66	12.92	13.22	13.41	13.82
Railroad equipment	374	71	33	38	36	34	37	35	53	25	28	27	26	28	25		9.93	13.41	15.07	16.31	16.82	16.90	16.54
Guided missiles, space vehicles,
and parts	376	111	185	98	90	91	92	87	35	57	28	25	25	24	23		9.22	14.39	17.74	18.51	19.53	19.96	20.24

Durable goods--Continued	(X)
Instruments and related products	38	1,022	1,006	843	855	866	868	839	(⁴)	499	417	423	427	432	424		(⁴)	11.29	12.71	13.13	13.52	13.81	14.17
Search and navigation equipment	381	(⁴)	284	161	160	161	162	155	(⁴)	94	49	47	44	43	41		(⁴)	14.62	16.38	16.67	16.87	17.47	17.53
Measuring and controlling devices	382	(⁴)	323	288	297	301	304	294	(⁴)	180	148	151	154	156	149		(⁴)	10.68	12.56	13.07	13.54	13.89	14.31
Medical instruments and supplies	384	(⁴)	246	264	270	276	279	277	(⁴)	144	151	158	161	166	166		(⁴)	9.85	11.57	12.03	12.50	12.77	12.90
Ophthalmic goods	385	44	43	37	36	35	35	33	31	30	24	23	22	24	24		5.30	8.18	9.59	9.79	10.17	10.26	10.78
Photographic equipment and
supplies	386	135	100	85	85	86	81	73	67	43	38	39	40	38	40		8.83	14.08	15.36	15.79	15.94	16.32	17.78
Watches, clocks, watchcases,
and parts	387	22	11	8	8	8	7	6	17	8	6	6	6	6	5		5.24	7.70	8.90	9.54	9.90	10.42	10.75
Misc. manufacturing industries ³	39	418	375	390	388	392	393	387	313	272	276	273	275	274	268		5.46	8.61	10.05	10.38	10.60	10.89	11.33
Jewelry, silverware, and plated
ware	391	56	52	50	49	49	50	50	40	37	35	34	34	35	34		5.76	9.23	10.23	10.72	10.98	11.36	11.95
Toys and sporting goods	394	117	104	118	114	111	106	101	88	76	84	80	77	72	68		5.01	7.94	9.47	9.83	10.02	10.42	10.90
Pens, pencils, office and art
supplies	395	37	34	31	31	31	31	30	27	24	21	21	21	21	21		5.58	8.89	11.08	10.92	11.08	11.22	11.41
Costume jewelry and notions	396	(⁴)	33	26	24	23	22	21	(⁴)	25	18	17	16	16	15		(⁴)	7.40	8.65	9.07	9.38	9.74	10.20
Nondurable goods	(X)	8,127	7,968	7,841	7,706	7,665	7,602	7,446	5,798	5,584	5,508	5,390	5,354	5,287	5,151		6.56	10.12	11.58	11.97	12.34	12.76	13.17
Food and kindred products ³	20	1,708	1,661	1,692	1,692	1,685	1,686	1,685	1,175	1,194	1,248	1,254	1,252	1,253	1,257		6.85	9.62	10.93	11.20	11.48	11.80	12.10
Meat products	201	358	422	472	483	488	494	501	298	359	402	411	414	420	427		6.99	7.94	8.97	9.14	9.35	9.66	9.96
Dairy products	202	175	155	147	144	141	140	141	96	95	95	94	94	95	97		6.86	10.56	12.35	12.79	13.21	13.58	14.06
Preserved fruits and vegetables	203	246	247	245	238	232	229	227	202	206	204	198	195	193	190		5.94	8.95	10.49	10.73	11.01	11.32	11.65
Grain mill products	204	144	128	128	127	125	125	124	99	89	91	90	90	89	88		7.67	11.52	13.64	13.98	14.37	14.86	15.00
Bakery products	205	230	213	211	210	207	206	207	139	133	142	141	139	140	143		7.14	10.85	11.87	12.14	12.47	12.78	13.02
Sugar and confectionery products	206	108	99	100	99	97	97	93	81	78	78	78	77	76	73		6.56	10.26	11.81	12.17	12.73	13.08	13.81
Fats and oils	207	44	31	31	32	33	33	34	32	22	21	22	23	23	24		7.03	10.10	11.63	12.03	12.65	12.85	13.40
Beverages	208	234	184	175	179	180	182	183	105	78	82	85	87	89	90		8.12	13.51	15.51	15.79	15.98	16.06	16.18
Tobacco products	21	69	49	42	41	41	41	39	54	36	32	32	32	32	28		7.74	16.23	19.41	19.35	19.24	18.55	19.07
Cigarettes	211	46	35	29	28	28	27	26	35	26	22	21	21	20	18		9.23	19.57	24.46	24.64	24.76	24.34	24.59
Textile mill products ³	22	848	691	663	627	616	598	562	737	593	560	529	522	507	475		5.07	8.02	9.41	9.69	10.03	10.39	10.71
Broadwoven fabric mills, cotton	221	150	91	79	75	73	71	65	135	82	69	66	65	64	58		5.25	8.31	9.87	10.07	10.44	10.91	11.05
Broadwoven fabric mills, synthetics	222	116	77	70	66	64	63	60	104	68	59	56	54	53	51		5.30	8.63	10.37	10.64	10.98	11.24	11.49
Broadwoven fabric mills, wool	223	19	17	15	14	14	13	10	16	14	13	12	12	11	9		5.21	8.61	9.84	10.04	10.50	10.82	11.20
Narrow fabric mills	224	23	24	23	21	22	21	21	20	20	19	18	18	17	17		4.63	7.39	8.74	9.05	9.19	9.52	9.81
Knitting mills	225	224	205	194	180	172	159	143	194	179	166	154	148	136	121		4.77	7.37	8.64	8.86	9.13	9.47	9.91
Textile finishing, except wool	226	74	62	72	69	68	65	61	62	50	59	56	55	54	51		5.39	8.45	9.53	9.87	10.28	10.64	10.80
Carpets and rugs	227	54	61	63	62	63	64	66	44	50	51	50	52	53	54		5.20	8.25	9.37	9.76	10.02	10.36	10.75
Yarn and thread mills	228	125	103	94	87	87	87	83	113	92	83	77	77	77	73		4.76	7.68	9.17	9.44	9.74	10.06	10.45
Apparel and other textile products ³	23	1,264	1,036	936	868	824	763	685	1,079	869	776	711	673	614	545		4.56	6.57	7.64	7.96	8.25	8.52	8.86
Men's and boys' suits and coats	231	77	50	36	32	29	27	23	67	42	30	26	24	22	18		5.34	7.34	8.10	8.21	8.40	8.68	8.94
Men's and boys' furnishings	232	362	274	252	223	207	185	157	310	235	214	189	175	156	130		4.23	6.06	7.19	7.40	7.72	7.97	8.28
Women's and misses outerwear	233	417	328	279	259	252	230	203	360	274	230	212	204	181	158		4.61	6.26	7.27	7.49	7.84	8.15	8.41
Women's and children's
undergarments	234	90	62	48	41	35	31	27	76	51	40	33	28	24	22		4.15	6.18	7.24	7.56	7.84	8.14	8.37
Girls' and children's outerwear	236	64	56	43	36	30	26	21	55	47	36	30	25	21	17		4.20	5.95	6.85	7.10	7.54	8.08	8.37
Paper and allied products ³	26	685	697	693	684	683	675	659	519	522	525	519	521	514	500		7.84	12.31	14.23	14.67	15.05	15.51	15.97
Papermills	262	178	180	164	161	159	155	149	133	136	127	124	124	121	116		9.05	15.10	17.86	18.46	19.08	19.80	20.46
Paperboard mills	263	65	52	51	50	50	48	47	51	40	39	38	38	37	36		9.28	15.26	17.93	18.55	18.79	19.56	20.48
Paperboard containers and boxes	265	205	209	220	218	221	219	215	157	162	172	169	171	170	167		6.94	10.39	12.02	12.40	12.81	13.13	13.44
Misc. converted paper products	267	220	241	245	242	243	241	237	163	174	178	177	179	176	172		6.89	10.79	12.39	12.82	13.15	13.51	13.96
Printing and publishing ³	27	1,252	1,569	1,546	1,540	1,552	1,565	1,553	699	871	848	841	847	845	828		7.53	11.24	12.33	12.65	13.06	13.45	13.83
Newspapers	271	420	474	447	441	441	443	442	164	166	155	150	148	147	147		7.72	11.17	12.19	12.51	12.90	13.22	13.61
Periodicals	272	90	129	131	132	136	138	141	16	47	43	43	46	45	44		7.16	11.95	13.42	13.81	14.40	14.82	15.31
Books	273	101	121	124	126	128	127	123	52	66	66	67	67	63	56		6.76	10.10	11.57	11.95	12.32	12.70	13.50
Commercial printing	275	410	552	563	566	574	581	578	304	401	406	405	410	414	410		7.85	11.52	12.53	12.87	13.28	13.70	14.02
Blankbooks and bookbinding	278	62	72	69	67	66	64	61	51	56	54	51	51	49	46		5.78	8.83	9.68	9.94	10.19	10.53	10.87
Chemicals and allied products ³	28	1,107	1,086	1,038	1,034	1,036	1,043	1,035	626	600	580	575	573	586	583		8.30	13.54	15.62	16.17	16.57	17.12	17.47
Industrial inorganic chemicals	281	161	138	120	119	117	115	112	88	70	54	55	57	62	59		9.07	14.66	17.33	17.95	18.55	19.09	19.41
Plastics materials and synthetics	282	205	180	158	160	159	157	151	137	116	106	106	106	104	99		8.21	13.97	16.10	16.90	17.40	17.87	18.27
Drugs	283	196	237	260	261	269	279	290	97	105	127	124	121	127	133		7.69	12.90	15.15	15.80	16.40	17.06	17.22
Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods	284	141	159	153	155	156	156	152	86	98	95	95	95	97	99		7.67	11.71	12.76	12.96	13.26	13.86	14.82
Paints and allied products	285	65	61	55	52	52	52	53	33	31	29	28	28	28	28		7.39	11.99	13.07	13.52	14.07	14.44	14.90
Industrial organic chemicals	286	174	155	146	143	138	138	134	88	86	83	82	79	80	78		9.67	15.97	19.11	19.61	19.87	20.52	20.59
Agricultural chemicals	287	72	56	53	53	52	52	52	45	34	31	31	31	32	31		8.12	13.73	15.73	16.17	16.62	17.17	17.48
Petroleum and coal products ³	29	198	157	145	142	141	140	137	125	103	94	92	93	93	90		10.10	16.24	19.36	19.32	20.20	20.92	21.46
Petroleum refining	291	155	118	105	100	98	96	92	93	75	66	64	64	63	59		10.94	17.58	21.44	21.43	22.52	23.52	24.41
Asphalt paving and roofing
materials	295	31	27	27	28	29	30	30	24	21	20	21	21	22	23		7.69	12.87	14.48	14.74	15.06	15.63	16.36
Rubber and misc. plastics products ³	30	764	888	980	983	996	1,009	1,019	588	687	763	762	773	783	790		6.58	9.76	10.91	11.24	11.57	11.87	12.31
Tires and inner tubes	301	115	84	80	80	78	79	77	81	62	58	58	57	58	57		9.74	15.42	17.58	17.96	18.59	18.65	19.28
Rubber and plastics footwear	302	22	11	8	7	7	6	5	20	9	7	5	6	5	4		4.43	6.66	8.44	9.13	9.71	10.06	10.29
Leather and leather products ³	31	233	133	106	96	91	83	74	197	109	83	74	69	62	55		4.58	6.91	8.17	8.57	8.97	9.32	9.69
Leather tanning and finishing	311	19	15	14	13	13	12	11	16	12	11	11	11	10	9		6.10	9.04	11.06	11.49	11.88	12.07	12.53
Footwear, except rubber	314	144	74	52	44	41	36	31	123	63	43	36	33	29	25		4.42	6.61	7.67	8.09	8.49	8.93	9.32
Luggage	316	16	11	11	11	10	9	8	12	8	8	8	8	7	6		4.90	6.91	8.13	8.50	8.82	9.16	8.91
Handbags and personal leather
goods	317	30	15	12	11	10	9	8	25	12	8	7	6	5	4		4.33	6.08	7.43	7.61	7.92	8.22	8.48

Transp. and public utilities ³	(E)	5,146	5,777	6,132	6,253	6,408	6,600	6,792	4,293	4,781	5,140	5,260	5,366	5,471	5,630		8.87	12.92	14.13	14.45	14.92	15.31	15.67
Railroad transportation	40	532	279	238	231	227	231	230	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Class I railroads, plus Amtrak ⁵	4011	482	241	212	206	202	205	204	(4)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	⁶	9.92	16.08	17.48	17.71	18.10	17.95	17.79
Local and interurban passenger transit	41	265	338	419	437	452	468	482	244	308	386	400	414	427	441		6.34	9.23	10.55	10.74	10.92	11.22	11.63
Trucking and warehousing	42	(⁴)	1,395	1,587	1,637	1,677	1,745	1,813	(NA)	1,215	1,382	1,426	1,467	1,529	1,589		(⁴)	11.68	12.73	12.95	13.23	13.62	13.95
Water transportation	44	211	177	175	174	179	180	181	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Transportation by air	45	(⁴)	968	1,068	1,107	1,134	1,183	1,237	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Pipelines, except natural gas	46	21	19	15	15	14	14	13	15	14	12	12	12	11	11		10.50	17.04	20.28	20.42	20.54	20.64	21.79
Transportation services	47	(⁴)	336	401	418	441	455	469	159	270	321	337	359	372	384		6.94	10.38	12.44	12.82	13.14	13.63	14.15
Communication ³	48	1,357	1,309	1,318	1,351	1,419	1,469	1,522	1,014	978	1,017	1,058	1,090	1,069	1,098		8.50	13.51	15.56	16.03	16.92	17.31	17.38
Telephone communication	481	1,072	913	900	911	971	1,007	1,048	779	658	673	697	727	704	727		8.72	14.13	16.21	16.65	17.51	17.79	17.70
Radio and television broadcasting	483	192	234	236	241	243	247	248	154	193	198	202	202	203	202		7.44	12.71	15.31	15.97	17.04	17.83	18.35
Cable and other pay television
services	484	(⁴)	126	156	170	174	181	189	(⁴)	105	131	144	146	148	154		(⁴)	10.50	12.10	12.69	13.51	14.14	14.57
Electric, gas, and sanitary services ³	49	829	957	911	884	866	855	845	678	759	719	699	689	684	678		8.90	15.23	17.68	18.26	19.10	19.99	20.61
Electric services	491	391	454	404	383	369	364	362	316	351	316	303	294	294	291		9.12	15.80	18.54	19.27	20.08	21.00	21.69
Gas production and distribution	492	168	165	154	147	141	136	132	138	129	119	115	109	106	104		8.27	14.25	17.30	17.65	18.00	18.58	18.87
Combination utility services	493	197	193	167	163	161	159	153	162	156	128	126	125	124	122		9.64	17.58	21.39	21.91	23.16	24.30	24.69
Sanitary services	495	50	115	154	158	162	162	164	44	99	132	131	134	134	136		7.16	11.55	12.89	13.55	14.71	15.73	16.77
Wholesale trade	(F)	5,292	6,173	6,378	6,482	6,648	6,831	7,004	4,328	4,959	5,163	5,238	5,355	5,476	5,615		6.95	10.79	12.43	12.87	13.45	14.06	14.59
Retail trade ³	(G)	15,018	19,601	21,187	21,597	21,966	22,296	22,787	13,484	17,358	18,639	19,002	19,337	19,591	20,040		4.88	6.75	7.69	7.99	8.33	8.73	9.08
General merchandise stores	53	2,245	2,540	2,681	2,702	2,701	2,730	2,775	2,090	2,380	2,498	2,516	2,512	2,536	2,594		4.77	6.83	7.53	7.86	8.16	8.59	8.97
Food stores	54	2,384	3,215	3,366	3,436	3,478	3,482	3,483	2,202	2,953	3,062	3,117	3,157	3,156	3,152		6.24	7.31	8.15	8.40	8.68	9.05	9.29
Automotive dealers and service stations	55	1,689	2,063	2,190	2,267	2,311	2,341	2,406	1,430	1,718	1,825	1,896	1,933	1,945	1,999		5.66	8.92	10.41	10.90	11.41	12.06	12.54
Apparel and accessory stores	56	957	1,183	1,125	1,098	1,109	1,143	1,180	820	991	919	906	923	958	988		4.30	6.25	7.47	7.74	8.07	8.47	8.84
Furniture and home furnishings stores	57	606	820	946	975	999	1,026	1,085	502	670	765	794	820	845	896		5.53	8.53	10.15	10.58	11.26	11.88	12.24
Eating and drinking places	58	4,626	6,509	7,354	7,517	7,646	7,760	7,904	4,256	5,905	6,631	6,770	6,884	6,971	7,100		3.69	4.97	5.59	5.79	6.06	6.35	6.62
Finance, insurance, real estate	(H)	5,160	6,709	6,806	6,911	7,109	7,407	7,632	3,907	4,860	4,961	5,043	5,193	5,442	5,589		5.79	9.97	12.32	12.80	13.34	14.06	14.61
Depository institutions	60	(⁴)	2,251	2,025	2,019	2,027	2,042	2,047	(⁴)	1,632	1,458	1,453	1,457	1,468	1,472		(⁴)	8.43	9.62	9.92	10.29	10.82	11.25
Nondepository institutions	61	(⁴)	373	463	522	577	658	714	(⁴)	270	335	377	409	455	483		(⁴)	10.40	12.53	12.90	13.71	14.63	15.33
Security and commodity brokers	62	227	424	525	553	596	645	679	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Insurance carriers	63	1,224	1,462	1,529	1,517	1,539	1,598	1,635	854	982	1,092	1,085	1,120	1,208	1,250		6.29	11.18	14.82	15.34	15.83	16.64	17.01
Insurance, agents, brokers, service	64	464	663	696	709	725	746	767	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Real estate	65	989	1,315	1,351	1,382	1,421	1,471	1,525	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Holding and other investment offices	67	115	221	217	210	223	248	266	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Services ³	(I)	17,890	27,934	33,117	34,454	36,040	37,526	39,000	15,921	24,387	28,979	30,144	31,518	32,763	33,937		5.85	9.83	11.39	11.79	12.28	12.85	13.38
Hotels and other lodging places	70	1,076	1,631	1,668	1,715	1,746	1,776	1,799	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Hotels and motels	701	1,038	1,578	1,615	1,660	1,694	1,719	1,737	954	1,398	1,420	1,459	1,491	1,509	1,524		4.45	6.98	7.93	8.16	8.55	8.93	9.22
Personal services ³	72	818	1,104	1,163	1,180	1,186	1,195	1,206	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Laundry, cleaning, garment services	721	356	426	432	435	437	436	434	318	379	381	383	385	384	382		4.47	6.82	7.53	7.75	8.07	8.40	8.76
Beauty shops	723	284	372	391	398	399	411	420	264	333	351	355	355	363	370		4.26	7.10	8.56	8.84	9.12	9.40	9.81
Business services ³	73	2,564	5,139	6,812	7,293	7,988	8,584	9,123	(⁴)	4,522	6,069	6,485	7,097	7,609	8,057		(⁴)	9.48	10.71	11.23	11.83	12.58	13.23
Advertising	731	153	235	233	243	255	268	281	116	169	170	178	185	193	200		8.07	13.51	15.90	16.40	16.85	17.56	18.58
Personnel supply services	736	543	1,535	2,476	2,654	2,985	3,230	3,405	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Employment agencies	7361	(⁴)	246	287	301	329	358	388	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Help supply services	7363	(⁴)	1,288	2,189	2,352	2,656	2,872	3,017	(⁴)	1,245	2,127	2,288	2,584	2,784	2,912		(⁴)	8.09	8.80	9.20	9.65	10.18	10.57
Computer and data processing
services	737	304	772	1,090	1,228	1,409	1,599	1,781	254	603	879	981	1,124	1,280	1,426		7.16	15.11	17.79	18.78	20.13	21.31	22.34
Prepackaged software	7372	(⁴)	113	181	201	225	252	293	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Data processing and preparation	7374	(⁴)	197	223	230	243	254	277	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Auto repair, services, and parking	75	571	914	1,020	1,080	1,120	1,144	1,185	488	756	842	890	921	928	963		6.10	8.77	9.92	10.20	10.60	11.09	11.48
Automotive repair shops	753	350	524	567	600	621	636	663	297	429	459	485	499	500	524		6.52	9.67	11.07	11.44	11.91	12.43	12.85
Motion pictures	78	(⁴)	408	488	525	550	573	600	(⁴)	344	406	440	462	479	507		(⁴)	10.95	13.59	13.84	14.23	14.79	15.69
Motion picture theaters	783	124	112	119	124	133	138	144	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Amusement and recreation services	79	(⁴)	1,076	1,417	1,476	1,552	1,601	1,696	(⁴)	944	1,243	1,292	1,361	1,402	1,481		(⁴)	8.11	8.74	8.83	9.18	9.59	9.81
Health services ³	80	5,278	7,814	9,230	9,478	9,703	9,846	9,973	4,712	6,948	8,178	8,405	8,599	8,724	8,832		5.68	10.41	12.45	12.85	13.26	13.73	14.21
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors	801	802	1,338	1,609	1,678	1,739	1,803	1,865	(⁴)	1,105	1,315	1,377	1,428	1,486	1,535		(⁴)	10.58	12.54	13.17	13.79	14.31	14.85
Nursing and personal care facilities	805	997	1,415	1,691	1,730	1,756	1,762	1,755	898	1,279	1,526	1,559	1,579	1,585	1,577		4.17	7.24	8.77	9.01	9.34	9.77	10.18
Hospitals	806	2,750	3,549	3,772	3,812	3,860	3,926	3,970	2,522	3,248	3,450	3,489	3,537	3,598	3,638		6.06	11.79	14.30	14.70	15.03	15.46	15.97
Home health care services	808	(⁴)	291	629	675	710	672	655	(⁴)	269	582	624	655	618	602		(⁴)	8.72	10.91	11.18	11.34	11.49	12.01
Legal services	81	498	908	921	928	944	973	1,002	427	748	736	740	754	777	801		7.35	14.16	16.06	16.59	17.31	18.09	19.00
Educational services	82	1,138	1,661	1,965	2,030	2,104	2,177	2,270	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Social services	83	1,134	1,734	2,336	2,413	2,518	2,644	2,782	990	1,494	2,024	2,095	2,186	2,290	2,403		4.26	7.11	8.33	8.55	8.82	9.19	9.59
Membership organizations	86	1,539	1,946	2,146	2,201	2,277	2,361	2,402	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)		(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)	(⁴)
Engineering and management services	87	(⁴)	2,478	2,731	2,844	2,988	3,185	3,420	(⁴)	1,886	2,098	2,183	2,282	2,433	2,563		(⁴)	13.56	15.79	16.37	17.14	17.87	18.51
Government	(J)	16,241	18,304	19,305	19,419	19,557	19,819	20,160	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)		(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Federal government	(X)	2,866	3,085	2,822	2,757	2,699	2,686	2,669	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)		(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
State government	(X)	3,610	4,305	4,635	4,606	4,582	4,612	4,695	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)		(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)
Local government	(X)	9,765	10,914	11,849	12,056	12,276	12,521	12,796	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)		(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)	(NA)

NA Not available. X Not applicable. 1 1987 Standard Industrial Classification, see text, Section 17, Business.
2 Excludes government. 3 Includes industries not shown separately.
4 Included in totals; not available separately.
5 For changes in "Class I" classification, see text, Section 21, Land Transportation.
6 Includes all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants who received pay during the month.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, monthly, June issues and Internet site

http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm *

Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the Establishment Survey

Concepts

Establishment

An establishment is an economic unit, such as a factory, mine, or store, which produces goods or services. It is generally at a single location and engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single location encompasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments, provided that separate payroll records are available and certain other criteria are met.

Employment

Employment is the total number of persons employed full or part time in nonfarm establishments during a specified payroll period. Temporary employees are included. In general, data refer to persons who worked during, or received pay for, any part of the pay period that includes the 12th of the month, which is standard for all Federal agencies collecting employment data from business establishments. National employment figures for Federal Government establishments, however, represent the number of persons who were paid for the last full pay period of the calendar month except for the Department of Defense, which reports the number of civilian employees on the payroll the last day of the month; intermittent Federal Government workers are counted if they performed any service during the month.

Workers on an establishment payroll who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the employer); on paid holiday or vacation; or who work during only a part of the specified pay period, even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the pay period, are all counted as employed. Persons on the payroll of more than one establishment during the pay period are counted in each establishment which reports them, whether the duplication is due to turnover or dual jobholding. Persons are considered employed if they receive pay for any part of the specified pay period, but they are not considered employed if they receive no pay at all for the pay period. Since proprietors, the self-employed, and unpaid family workers do not have the status of paid employees, they are not included. Also excluded from the employed are domestic workers in households; persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire pay period; and persons who were hired but have not yet started work during the pay period. The employment statistics for government refer to civilian employees only. All persons who meet these specifications are included in the designation "all employees," regardless of industry.

In addition to employment data for all employees, the survey also collects data on a major category of workers in each industry, differentiated primarily to ensure the expeditious collection of current statistics on hours and earnings. These groups of employees are designated production workers, construction workers, or nonsupervisory workers, depending upon the industry.

Data are collected for production workers in manufacturing and mining industries. In manufacturing, this group covers employees, up through the level of working supervisors, who engage directly in the manufacture of the establishment's product. Among those excluded from this category are persons in executive and managerial positions and persons engaged in activities such as accounting, sales, advertising, routine office work, professional and technical functions, and force-account construction. (Force-account construction is construction work performed by an establishment, primarily engaged in some business other than construction, for its own account and for use by its own employees.) Production workers in mining are defined in a similar manner.

In construction, the term "construction workers" covers workers, up through the level of working supervisors, who are engaged directly on the construction project either at the site or in shops or yards at jobs ordinarily performed by members of construction trades. Excluded from this category are executive and managerial personnel, professional and technical employees, and workers in routine office jobs.

In the remaining private sector industries (transportation, communications, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services) data are collected for nonsupervisory workers. Nonsupervisory workers include most employees except those in top executive and managerial positions.

An employment benchmark is a reasonably complete count of employment used to adjust estimates derived from a sample. Adjustment is usually done annually. The basic source of benchmark data for the CES survey is data on "all employees" collected from employers by State employment security agencies as a byproduct of the unemployment insurance (UI) system. About 98 percent of all employees on nonfarm payrolls are covered by the UI system.

Hours and earnings

The hours and earnings series are based on reports of gross payrolls and the corresponding paid hours for production workers, construction workers, or nonsupervisory workers.

Aggregate payrolls include pay before deductions for Social Security, unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, salary reduction plans, bonds, and union dues. The payroll figures also include pay for overtime, shift premiums, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the employer to employees for the pay period reported. They exclude bonuses, commissions, and other lump-sum payments (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period or month), or other pay not earned in the pay period concerned (e.g., retroactive pay). Tips and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payments in kind are not included.

Total hours during the pay period include all hours worked (including overtime hours), hours paid for standby or reporting time, and equivalent hours for which employees received pay directly from the employer for sick leave, holidays, vacations, and other leave. Overtime or other premium pay hours are not converted to straight-time equivalent hours. The concept of total hours differs from scheduled hours or hours worked. The average weekly hours derived from the total hours reflect the effects of such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and strikes, as well as fluctuations in work schedules.

Overtime hours are hours worked for which premiums were paid because they were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or workweek. Saturday and Sunday hours (or 6- and 7th-day hours) are included as overtime only if overtime premiums were paid. Holiday hours worked as overtime are not included unless they are paid for at more than the straight-time rate. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or similar types of premiums were paid are excluded from overtime hours. Overtime hours data are collected only from establishments in manufacturing industries.

Average hourly earnings series, derived by dividing gross payrolls by total hours, reflect the actual earnings of workers, including premium pay. They differ from wage rates, which are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time. Average hourly earnings do not represent total labor costs per hour for the employer, because they exclude retroactive payments and irregular bonuses, employee benefits, and the employer's share of payroll taxes. Earnings for those employees not covered under the production worker and nonsupervisory categories are not reflected in the estimates.

Real earnings data (those expressed in 1982 dollars) result from the adjustment of average hourly and weekly earnings by means of the Bureau's Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W); they indicate the changes in the purchasing power of money earnings as a result of price changes for consumer goods and services. These data cannot be used to measure changes in living standards as a whole, which are affected by other factors such as total family income, the extension and incidence of various social services and benefits, and the duration and extent of employment and unemployment. The long-term trends of these earnings data are also affected by changing mixes of full-time/part-time workers, high-paid/low-paid workers, etc.

Straight-time average hourly earnings are approximated by adjusting average hourly earnings by eliminating only premium pay for overtime at a rate of time and one-half. Thus, no adjustment is made for other premium payment provisions such as holiday work, late shift work, and premium overtime rates other than those at time and one-half. Straight-time average hourly earnings are calculated only for manufacturing industries because data on overtime hours are not collected in other industries.

Industrial classification

Industrial classification refers to the grouping of reporting establishments into industries on the basis of their major product or activity as determined by the establishments' percentages of total sales or receipts for the previous calendar year. This information is collected as an administrative byproduct of the UI reporting system. All data for an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity are classified under the industry of the most important product or activity, based on the percentages reported.

Industries are classified in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual, Office of Management and Budget.

http://www.allcountries.org/uscensus/684_nonfarm_industries_employees_and_earnings.html

These tables are based on figures supplied by the United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject to revision by the Census Bureau.

Copyright © 2006 Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates, all rights reserved.