MAIN CATEGORIES:
 1. Population
2. Vital Statistics
3. Health and Nutrition
4. Education
5. Law Enforcement, Courts
and Prisons
6. Geography and Environment
7. Parks, Recreation, Travel
8. Elections
9. State and Local Government
Finances and Employment
10. Federal Government
Finances and Employment
11. National Defense and
Veterans Affairs
12. Social Insurance and Human
Services
13. Labor Force, Employment,
and Earnings
14. Income, Expenditures, and
Wealth
15. Prices
16. Banking, Finance, and
Insurance
17. Business Enterprise
18. Communications and
Information Technology
19. Energy
20. Science and Technology
21. Transportation - Land
22. Transportation - Air
and Water
23. Agriculture
24. Natural Resources
25. Construction and Housing
26. Manufactures
27. Domestic Trade and
Services
28. Foreign Commerce and Aid
29. Outlying Areas
30. Comparative International
Statistics
31. Industrial Outlook
32. 1997 Economic Census
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346. Drug Use by Arrestees in Major U.S. Cities, by Sex and Type of Drug
[Percent testing positive. For 1993-1996, based on the DUF (Drug Use Forecasting) system;
thereafter, based on the (ADAM) Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program; for methodology,
see below table]
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Resident |
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1993 |
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1993 |
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1994 |
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1994 |
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1995 |
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1995 |
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1996 |
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1996 |
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1997 |
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1997 |
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1998 |
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1998 |
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popula- |
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tion, |
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Male |
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FeMale |
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Male |
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FeMale |
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Male |
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FeMale |
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Male |
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FeMale |
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Male |
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FeMale |
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Male |
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FeMale |
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1998 |
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Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
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Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
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Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
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Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
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Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
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Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
Any |
Mari- |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
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(1,000) |
drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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drug /1 |
juana |
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| Albuquerque, NM. |
419 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
64.8 |
35.9 |
38.7 |
8.2 |
73.1 |
24.0 |
59.1 |
15.4 |
|
| Anchorage, AK |
255 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
42.5 |
33.3 |
19.5 |
2.3 |
57.7 |
23.1 |
50.0 |
3.8 |
|
| Atlanta, GA. |
404 |
73 |
26 |
59 |
3 |
74 |
16 |
68 |
4 |
|
69 |
25 |
57 |
3 |
72 |
15 |
62 |
4 |
|
74 |
32 |
57 |
3 |
68 |
13 |
62 |
3 |
|
80 |
37 |
59 |
3 |
77 |
26 |
63 |
3 |
|
72 |
36 |
51 |
2 |
74 |
28 |
61 |
3 |
|
65.7 |
26.0 |
51.3 |
1.3 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
| Birmingham, AL. |
253 |
68 |
28 |
51 |
4 |
55 |
12 |
41 |
4 |
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69 |
28 |
50 |
4 |
63 |
17 |
50 |
3 |
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73 |
36 |
49 |
2 |
57 |
12 |
48 |
3 |
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70 |
44 |
43 |
4 |
59 |
22 |
39 |
6 |
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67 |
43 |
39 |
5 |
67 |
25 |
49 |
5 |
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67.1 |
39.2 |
41.2 |
3.7 |
74.3 |
17.6 |
56.8 |
17.6 |
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| Chicago, IL. |
2,802 |
81 |
40 |
53 |
28 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
79 |
38 |
57 |
27 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
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79 |
41 |
51 |
22 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
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82 |
47 |
52 |
20 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
80 |
48 |
49 |
22 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
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74.2 |
41.5 |
44.9 |
18.3 |
71.5 |
19.7 |
55.5 |
27.0 |
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| Cleveland, OH.. |
496 |
64 |
23 |
48 |
4 |
77 |
13 |
69 |
4 |
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66 |
28 |
48 |
3 |
82 |
16 |
74 |
5 |
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65 |
29 |
42 |
5 |
71 |
11 |
63 |
6 |
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67 |
37 |
41 |
3 |
70 |
22 |
52 |
6 |
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64 |
46 |
27 |
4 |
57 |
39 |
22 |
4 |
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65.2 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
6.0 |
58.1 |
27.0 |
40.5 |
1.4 |
|
| Dallas, TX |
1,076 |
62 |
28 |
45 |
4 |
61 |
19 |
43 |
10 |
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57 |
33 |
35 |
3 |
63 |
23 |
46 |
7 |
|
60 |
37 |
31 |
5 |
58 |
21 |
44 |
5 |
|
63 |
44 |
32 |
5 |
58 |
27 |
36 |
10 |
|
63 |
44 |
32 |
4 |
53 |
28 |
34 |
5 |
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63.4 |
43.1 |
29.0 |
2.3 |
48.9 |
24.2 |
29.5 |
4.8 |
|
| Denver, CO. |
499 |
64 |
36 |
41 |
4 |
66 |
24 |
47 |
6 |
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67 |
39 |
40 |
4 |
68 |
22 |
51 |
5 |
|
66 |
33 |
44 |
5 |
66 |
21 |
52 |
6 |
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71 |
42 |
44 |
5 |
69 |
27 |
53 |
5 |
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71 |
42 |
40 |
4 |
69 |
32 |
50 |
6 |
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68.8 |
41.3 |
39.6 |
4.2 |
68.7 |
29.9 |
49.9 |
3.4 |
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| Des Moines, IA.. |
191 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
57.1 |
41.8 |
18.1 |
2.8 |
66.7 |
15.2 |
24.2 |
6.1 |
|
| Detroit, MI.. |
970 |
63 |
37 |
34 |
8 |
77 |
11 |
64 |
14 |
|
66 |
38 |
34 |
7 |
62 |
16 |
46 |
13 |
|
67 |
42 |
30 |
7 |
78 |
18 |
61 |
15 |
|
66 |
46 |
27 |
7 |
69 |
19 |
53 |
18 |
|
62 |
44 |
23 |
5 |
69 |
28 |
48 |
9 |
|
68.2 |
46.5 |
28.2 |
6.8 |
60.2 |
21.5 |
46.2 |
21.5 |
|
| Fort Lauderdale, FL. |
154 |
61 |
30 |
43 |
1 |
60 |
20 |
45 |
3 |
|
58 |
29 |
41 |
1 |
62 |
18 |
52 |
3 |
|
58 |
33 |
39 |
2 |
60 |
18 |
50 |
3 |
|
67 |
38 |
44 |
2 |
66 |
24 |
52 |
3 |
|
73 |
38 |
51 |
3 |
68 |
24 |
57 |
4 |
|
74.4 |
43.5 |
50.2 |
2.0 |
67.1 |
24.5 |
53.4 |
4.7 |
|
| Houston, TX. |
1,787 |
59 |
24 |
41 |
2 |
53 |
15 |
43 |
4 |
|
48 |
23 |
29 |
3 |
48 |
13 |
36 |
6 |
|
58 |
29 |
40 |
5 |
50 |
18 |
32 |
3 |
|
64 |
33 |
39 |
8 |
54 |
26 |
34 |
4 |
|
63 |
24 |
40 |
10 |
45 |
17 |
29 |
5 |
|
59.9 |
35.8 |
35.8 |
7.5 |
51.7 |
20.1 |
37.3 |
7.0 |
|
| Indianapolis, IN. |
741 |
61 |
42 |
32 |
4 |
58 |
25 |
36 |
4 |
|
69 |
39 |
47 |
3 |
69 |
22 |
57 |
5 |
|
64 |
38 |
39 |
2 |
72 |
24 |
54 |
7 |
|
74 |
51 |
42 |
3 |
72 |
31 |
52 |
3 |
|
63 |
44 |
31 |
3 |
67 |
30 |
45 |
3 |
|
66.8 |
45.1 |
34.2 |
1.8 |
67.1 |
31.2 |
43.2 |
4.5 |
|
| Laredo, TX |
176 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
57.3 |
39.3 |
37.1 |
11.2 |
33.3 |
13.3 |
33.3 |
0.0 |
|
| Las Vegas, NV |
404 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
56.8 |
25.8 |
24.2 |
2.6 |
70.3 |
21.6 |
35.1 |
13.5 |
|
| Los Angeles, CA |
3,598 |
66 |
23 |
49 |
9 |
77 |
15 |
59 |
15 |
|
66 |
20 |
48 |
10 |
72 |
12 |
53 |
12 |
|
62 |
23 |
44 |
7 |
68 |
14 |
49 |
10 |
|
64 |
30 |
44 |
6 |
74 |
20 |
49 |
12 |
|
59 |
27 |
38 |
6 |
70 |
18 |
49 |
11 |
|
64.4 |
27.3 |
42.7 |
5.6 |
71.0 |
21.8 |
44.7 |
8.8 |
|
| Miami, FL.. |
369 |
70 |
26 |
61 |
2 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
66 |
28 |
56 |
2 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
57 |
29 |
42 |
3 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
67 |
34 |
52 |
1 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
61 |
32 |
46 |
2 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
61.5 |
29.2 |
47.3 |
2.4 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
| Minneapolis, MN. |
352 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
63.2 |
45.4 |
26.7 |
4.7 |
44.0 |
22.6 |
28.6 |
6.0 |
|
| New Orleans, LA |
466 |
62 |
25 |
48 |
5 |
47 |
14 |
37 |
5 |
|
63 |
29 |
47 |
5 |
32 |
7 |
25 |
2 |
|
66 |
32 |
47 |
7 |
50 |
16 |
37 |
4 |
|
67 |
40 |
46 |
7 |
35 |
13 |
26 |
3 |
|
67 |
38 |
46 |
11 |
40 |
12 |
32 |
3 |
|
67.3 |
38.3 |
46.0 |
12.9 |
50.5 |
22.1 |
38.7 |
3.4 |
|
| New York, NY 2 |
7,420 |
78 |
21 |
66 |
20 |
83 |
19 |
70 |
23 |
|
82 |
24 |
68 |
19 |
90 |
15 |
81 |
30 |
|
83 |
28 |
68 |
20 |
84 |
16 |
71 |
19 |
|
78 |
38 |
56 |
17 |
83 |
19 |
69 |
27 |
|
79 |
32 |
58 |
19 |
81 |
25 |
62 |
20 |
|
76.9 |
38.7 |
47.1 |
16.2 |
82.1 |
23.4 |
67.0 |
21.8 |
|
| Oklahoma City, OK.. |
472 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
69.0 |
53.1 |
27.3 |
1.9 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
| Omaha, NE. |
371 |
54 |
42 |
19 |
2 |
50 |
22 |
26 |
2 |
|
59 |
44 |
26 |
2 |
58 |
28 |
35 |
2 |
|
54 |
42 |
19 |
1 |
56 |
24 |
30 |
2 |
|
63 |
52 |
24 |
1 |
51 |
33 |
28 |
3 |
|
62 |
50 |
21 |
2 |
54 |
33 |
17 |
4 |
|
60.4 |
43.9 |
25.1 |
2.0 |
60.0 |
28.2 |
35.5 |
4.0 |
|
| Philadelphia, PA.. |
1,436 |
76 |
32 |
57 |
11 |
79 |
20 |
61 |
14 |
|
76 |
32 |
54 |
14 |
76 |
18 |
61 |
18 |
|
76 |
34 |
51 |
12 |
77 |
20 |
59 |
14 |
|
69 |
39 |
40 |
11 |
81 |
21 |
69 |
16 |
|
67 |
41 |
34 |
11 |
75 |
21 |
58 |
16 |
|
78.7 |
44.9 |
44.5 |
18.4 |
77.4 |
23.7 |
60.9 |
14.9 |
|
| Phoenix, AZ |
1,198 |
62 |
31 |
30 |
6 |
62 |
20 |
38 |
14 |
|
65 |
29 |
28 |
6 |
67 |
22 |
36 |
12 |
|
63 |
29 |
27 |
8 |
63 |
19 |
33 |
12 |
|
59 |
28 |
32 |
9 |
65 |
22 |
42 |
13 |
|
64 |
30 |
32 |
9 |
66 |
21 |
33 |
8 |
|
62.7 |
32.2 |
31.1 |
5.7 |
70.6 |
24.9 |
39.6 |
7.3 |
|
| Portland, OR |
504 |
63 |
30 |
33 |
11 |
74 |
17 |
47 |
19 |
|
65 |
27 |
32 |
12 |
74 |
19 |
43 |
21 |
|
65 |
29 |
30 |
15 |
68 |
16 |
40 |
18 |
|
66 |
35 |
34 |
13 |
74 |
26 |
46 |
26 |
|
71 |
38 |
37 |
14 |
78 |
19 |
45 |
27 |
|
71.5 |
36.9 |
29.2 |
15.5 |
74.3 |
23.2 |
36.7 |
25.1 |
|
| Sacramento, CA.. |
404 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
70.8 |
44.1 |
18.2 |
3.2 |
72.8 |
28.2 |
30.7 |
8.4 |
|
| Salt Lake City, UT. |
174 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
60.2 |
36.8 |
20.3 |
8.2 |
68.6 |
29.4 |
19.6 |
13.7 |
|
| San Antonio, TX. |
1,114 |
55 |
32 |
31 |
14 |
42 |
16 |
24 |
15 |
|
52 |
30 |
31 |
13 |
39 |
15 |
22 |
14 |
|
51 |
34 |
24 |
10 |
41 |
16 |
24 |
13 |
|
57 |
39 |
28 |
10 |
44 |
19 |
23 |
13 |
|
52 |
34 |
26 |
10 |
38 |
17 |
18 |
9 |
|
56.0 |
41.1 |
27.0 |
9.6 |
37.8 |
17.5 |
20.0 |
8.6 |
|
| San Diego, CA |
1,221 |
78 |
40 |
37 |
16 |
78 |
25 |
36 |
20 |
|
79 |
36 |
30 |
12 |
76 |
20 |
18 |
13 |
|
72 |
35 |
28 |
8 |
73 |
20 |
28 |
12 |
|
71 |
40 |
27 |
9 |
62 |
23 |
22 |
10 |
|
73 |
38 |
21 |
7 |
73 |
24 |
23 |
12 |
|
68.6 |
36.4 |
19.1 |
9.3 |
63.9 |
26.7 |
20.4 |
6.7 |
|
| San Jose, CA.. |
861 |
54 |
27 |
23 |
6 |
51 |
17 |
19 |
8 |
|
55 |
30 |
19 |
6 |
61 |
18 |
23 |
10 |
|
52 |
27 |
18 |
5 |
50 |
12 |
16 |
10 |
|
48 |
27 |
16 |
5 |
53 |
19 |
21 |
9 |
|
51 |
29 |
14 |
6 |
53 |
17 |
16 |
12 |
|
48.2 |
24.8 |
8.0 |
4.4 |
41.5 |
13.6 |
9.5 |
4.8 |
|
| Seattle, WA.. |
537 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
65.4 |
35.4 |
35.9 |
17.4 |
81.0 |
37.9 |
56.9 |
17.2 |
|
| Spokane, WA.. |
184 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
62.3 |
26.8 |
18.3 |
8.5 |
68.3 |
26.8 |
31.7 |
17.1 |
|
| St. Louis, MO |
339 |
68 |
28 |
50 |
9 |
69 |
15 |
63 |
6 |
|
74 |
36 |
50 |
11 |
76 |
15 |
69 |
8 |
|
77 |
39 |
51 |
11 |
69 |
18 |
57 |
8 |
|
75 |
52 |
43 |
10 |
73 |
29 |
55 |
7 |
|
74 |
48 |
41 |
10 |
70 |
31 |
53 |
9 |
|
71.7 |
50.2 |
34.8 |
10.9 |
69.3 |
31.9 |
43.6 |
4.9 |
|
| Tucson, AZ |
460 |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
(NA) |
|
63.1 |
39.2 |
39.4 |
6.8 |
57.0 |
21.5 |
41.3 |
7.4 |
|
| Washington, DC. |
523 |
60 |
26 |
37 |
10 |
71 |
9 |
62 |
21 |
|
64 |
30 |
38 |
9 |
67 |
11 |
55 |
13 |
|
64 |
32 |
35 |
8 |
65 |
18 |
46 |
16 |
|
66 |
40 |
33 |
9 |
58 |
23 |
40 |
11 |
|
69 |
39 |
33 |
10 |
57 |
19 |
39 |
11 |
|
65.3 |
38.0 |
33.3 |
9.7 |
65.3 |
28.5 |
40.4 |
9.8 |
|
NA Not available.
1 Includes other drugs not shown separately.
2 1993-1997, represents Manhattan; beginning 1998, New York, NY.
Source: U.S. National Institute of Justice,
1993-1996, Drug Use Forecasting, annual;
ADAM 1997 Annual Report on Adult and Juvenile Arrestees, July 1998,
1998 Annual Report on Adult and Juvenile Arrestees, April 1999.
http://www.ncjrs.org/drgsuse.htm
*
Methodology
The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program, formerly the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program, collects data at
selected arrest booking facilities throughout the United States. Each quarter, trained local ADAM staff obtain voluntary and
anonymous urine specimens and interviews from new samples of booked arrestees. The ADAM sample is based on
arrestees brought into the booking facility and detained in the facilities less than 48 hours. Arrestees released before booking
are not part of the ADAM sample. At each site, approximately 225 males are sampled each quarter. In all except two sites,
approximately 100 adult females also are sampled. At 12 sites, juvenile arrestees/detainees also are sampled. Generally,
more than 90% of the arrestees selected for the sample agree to be interviewed and over 80% of those interviewed provide
urine specimens.
Arrestees are not selected for the survey on a random or probability basis. Rather, adult male arrestees are selected at the
discretion of site personnel, who are guided by a target sample size and crime charge priority system. To obtain samples of
adult male arrestees with a sufficient distribution of serious arrest charges, ADAM interviewers, where possible, place a
priority on felony arrestees and those arrested for offenses other than the sale or possession of drugs. Analyses have shown
that those arrested for drug offenses are more likely than other arrestees to be using drugs; as a result, ADAM statistics are
likely minimum estimates of drug use among the population of those adults arrested for serious offenses. With the exception
of Omaha, males charged with driving offenses generally are excluded from the sample due to ADAM's emphasis on more
serious crimes. (In Omaha, all male arrestees brought to the booking facilities are included in the ADAM sample to obtain a
sample of sufficient size.) Because they are fewer in number, all adult female arrestees and all juvenile male and female
arrestees/detainees brought to the booking center during the data collection period are included in the ADAM sample,
regardless of charge.
In nine sites, Atlanta, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Omaha, Philadelphia, St. Louis, and Washington, DC, the
catchment area is the entire city. In Cleveland, Dallas, Ft. Lauderdale, Indianapolis, Manhattan, Miami, New Orleans,
Phoenix, Portland, San Antonio, and San Jose, the catchment area is the entire county or parish. The catchment area for Los
Angeles includes part of the city and part of the county, and in Birmingham and San Diego the catchment area includes the
entire city and part of the county.
Twelve of the ADAM sites collect data from male juvenile arrestees/detainees. Eight of these sites also collect data on
female arrestees/detainees; however given the small sample size across a majority of the ADAM female juvenile facilities,
these data are not presented. For juveniles in each of the sites, excluding Washington, DC and St. Louis, the catchment area
encompasses the county. In Washington, DC and St. Louis, only juveniles arrested and detained in the city are included. In
Los Angeles, the catchment area comprises parts of the city and county.
All urine specimens are sent to a central laboratory for analysis. The specimens are analyzed for 10 drugs: cocaine, opiates,
marijuana, phencyclidine (PCP), methadone, benzodiazepines, methaqualone, propoxyphene, barbiturates, and
amphetamines. All positive results for amphetamines are confirmed by gas chromatography to eliminate positives that may
be caused by over-the-counter drugs. For most drugs, the urine test can detect use in the previous 2 to 3 days. Exceptions are
marijuana and PCP, which sometimes can be detected several weeks after use.
Beginning in 1996, the program adopted marijuana testing cutoff levels in accordance with new U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration guidelines. The new cutoff level, 50
ng/ml, is lower than the previous cutoff level thus more individuals using marijuana are identified. Analysis of trends at both
cutoff levels revealed that overall there is a 5 to 7 percentage point increase in positive results at the new level. Caution
should be used in comparing marijuana percentages for 1996 and 1997 with results from previous years.
*
http://www.allcountries.org/uscensus/346_drug_use_by_arrestees_in_major.html
These tables are based on figures supplied by the United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce and are subject to revision by the Census Bureau.
Copyright © 2006 Photius Coutsoukis and Information Technology Associates, all rights reserved.
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